Life in the countryside → How to earn 40 thousand a month on milk

For most novice entrepreneurs, organizing a mini-dairy farm seems much preferable to launching classic projects in this industry. There are reasons for this. Firstly, a mini-farm requires significantly smaller production areas. Secondly, the entrance fee to business has been significantly reduced. Thirdly, a mini-farm requires much lower maintenance costs and in most cases all work is carried out by one family, which owns the farm. In addition, small farming allows you to test new technology and a new product without much risk and reach a new level of business without serious financial losses...

The plot of land is the beginning

Business begins with searching for a plot of land. Even a small farm requires a land plot of 1000 m2. On such a territory there will be a hangar for keeping cattle, a summer pen for livestock, a warehouse for storing feed and a room for placing equipment and household supplies. inventory.

It is desirable that the site be located as close as possible to the natural food supply (meadows, pastures). Otherwise, work on preparing feed will be very expensive. To purchase or rent a plot of land, you must contact the district administration.

Business organization

When starting to work on a milk production business project, an entrepreneur needs to assess his capabilities and the availability of resources for development. In developing a business plan, it is important to carefully consider each stage. The first stage in this document is the formal organization of the business.

When choosing the organizational and legal form of an enterprise, it is necessary to start from the number of animals for the dairy farm. If the dairy farm is designed for 50 or more heads, then it is more rational to register the enterprise in the form. To do this, you must have an authorized capital of at least 10,000 rubles, an approved business plan and a package of permits from organizations such as:

• fire inspection;
• veterinary service;
• Rosprirodnadzor.

Later, quality certificates will be required for products that undergo veterinary control.

To organize a mini-farm for 10 animals, it is enough to register the farm, including family members.

The stages of project implementation follow a certain algorithm:

• renting or purchasing land;
• construction or reconstruction of premises for farms and outbuildings;
• purchase of dairy cows;
• search for sales of products.

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Buying a plot, building a farm

Of course, a milk production business begins with a search for land. For a small farm, you need a plot of land with an area of ​​1 thousand m², on which a cowshed, a summer pen and outbuildings for feed and equipment will be built. The best option is when the site is located next to natural pastures and a pond.

The premises for keeping animals must meet the requirements for these structures:

• the presence of a floor with a drain for liquid sewage;
• plastered and whitewashed walls;
• availability of good ventilation;
• equipping the farm with running water, electricity and a heating system for the cold season.

Purchasing animals

Buying cows will require large expenses. To purchase 50 dairy cows, you will need 4 million rubles or more, since the average cost of one animal is approximately 80 thousand rubles. The cost of purchasing animals varies depending on the breed and age of the animal.

If you buy young animals instead of dairy cows, then making a profit from the farm will be delayed by at least one year.

The best dairy breeds are Holstein, Black-and-White, Kholmogory, and Dutch. They produce the highest milk yields and milk that is good in all respects.

Necessary equipment

For farms with 50 heads, specialized equipment will already be required: stalls, partitions, drinking bowls, milk coolers, equipment for the maternity ward, etc.

This will require significant investment. But the costs will be paid off by saving wages for hired workers and optimizing basic production processes. After all, automated feed distribution lines, drinking bowls, and automated milking of animals are a direct path to reducing wasteful expenses.

Household equipment and special equipment for a farm are also necessary. This primarily applies to vehicles. A tractor is needed to transport feed and waste. Tractor attachments make it easier to harvest hay and perform various chores.

Staff

The number of hired workers will depend on the volume of work on the farm. There is no doubt that milkmaids and animal care workers are needed. At first, four people are enough - two milkmaids and two workers. Given the automation of production processes, they can work in shifts. Issues of accounting and organization of sales channels must be taken upon by the entrepreneur. Veterinarian services will be provided as needed.

As production expands, the dairy farm's staff needs to be increased. It can include a farm manager, accountant, marketing specialist, additional units of workers for transport and on the farm.

Veterinary service

Fixed expenses include expenses for veterinary services. Veterinary care can cost up to 50–100 thousand rubles per year. These are the necessary services of a veterinarian for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the udder, reproductive organs, and hooves. You also have to contact the veterinary service to control the quality of the products.

Sales channels

One of the most important issues in the dairy business is the issue of product sales. During the launch of the project, it is necessary to find sources of milk sales and conclude appropriate agreements with them. These are primarily large processing enterprises: dairies and dairy plants.

You can also organize your own sales of products, supplying them to the market, children's institutions, hospitals, canteens and other organizations that use milk as a food product or raw material for processing.

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Dairy production options

The optimal option for the production of dairy products is the production of pasteurized milk. To produce this product you need the following equipment:

• milk storage tank;
• modules for milk powder;
• units for cleaning, homogenizing milk and adding additives;
• centrifugal and degreasing separators;
• coolers;
• pasteurizer;
• packaging machines;
• sinks;
• refrigeration chambers.

The need for this or that equipment is determined by the scale of production. Its cost may vary depending on the manufacturer. To set up production, in addition to production premises and equipment, qualified personnel with education as a milk production technologist are required.

Milk production technology

The whole process is divided into several stages:

• the milk is purified in a centrifugal separator. Cream remains in the separator machine, which is used as an additive according to the fat content percentage.
• After separation, the milk undergoes heat treatment (pasteurization), as this guarantees the presence of foreign impurities in it.
• In order to crush the drops of fat in the milk, it undergoes a homogenization process, after which these drops become almost invisible.
• Automated milk packaging using cardboard containers;
• Stamping of production date and expiration dates.

Of course, for a novice entrepreneur, mastering another area of ​​business - milk processing - is very difficult both from a financial and organizational point of view. Mastering this line of activity is possible at the stage of expanding the main type of activity - raw milk production.

How much money do you need to start a business like opening a dairy farm?

The amount of investment to open a dairy farm depends on many factors. The first and main one is the scale of production or, in other words, the volume of production. It is logical to assume that the costs of building a dairy farm for 100 heads of cattle will be higher than building a farm for 50 heads.

There are companies in Russia that offer turnkey construction of mini dairy farms. A typical farm project for 50 heads will cost an entrepreneur 7 - 8 million rubles. The price includes delivery and installation of a hangar for keeping animals with an area of ​​about 1000 m2. Construction of premises according to your own design may slightly reduce investments, but you cannot count on an amount of less than 3 million rubles.

The farmer's costs don't end there. Next, it is necessary to bring communications to the structure (hangar). It is no secret that this is not an easy procedure for a Russian entrepreneur. Electricity, water and gas connections will be required. These procedures, depending on the efficiency of the entrepreneur and the amenability of network companies, can take up to 6 months. The cost of this stage will cost the businessman 300–400 thousand rubles.

Dairy Business Options

Milk is a product with a short shelf life, so its quick sale is required. When selling fresh products, you can always count on high demand. There are several options on how you can organize your own milk business:

• opening a dairy store;
• creating a farm on which the product will be produced.

The choice of option depends on the individual preferences of the businessman, the availability of a certain amount of financial resources, and the desire to work in the field of agriculture. To open a store, you do not need knowledge about breeding cows; it is enough to understand trade and the nuances of entrepreneurial activity.

A farm as a dairy business implies two options for starting from scratch: building it or restoring it. Experts recommend the latter due to the reduced time required to complete all the necessary paperwork for registering the rights to operate, which can take almost several years. The process of re-registering already completed documentation will take 2–3 months. In any case, if an entrepreneur decides to start farming to produce milk, then he should not leave the rural open spaces, since he can only learn all the intricacies of raising livestock and coordinated work with a team by constantly devoting time to this.

Under such conditions, an individual business will be successful and profits will be high.

What equipment is needed for a dairy farm?

The premises have been built, communications have been installed - then it is necessary to equip the dairy complex and purchase equipment. It will be necessary to equip stalls, install drinking bowls, floor coverings, fences and partitions, brushes, ventilation curtains, milk coolers, install a maternity ward, and so on.

You may need funds to insulate the hangar. This is an equally expensive part of the project. In order to fully equip a hangar for housing 50 dairy cows, it is necessary to invest at least 2.5 - 3.5 million rubles.

The next point is the purchase of special equipment and household items. inventory. In any normal farm, it is necessary to have at least one tractor - it is commonplace to bring in feed (hay, haylage, compound feed), remove garbage, organic waste, if necessary, mow the grass, and so on. The MTZ-80 copes well with such tasks with attachments in the form of a mower, plow, harrow, cultivator and seeder.

It is not necessary to buy new equipment, you can buy used equipment, the main thing is that it is “on the move” and does not need to be repaired more than it was used. For this cost item, it will be necessary to allocate another 500–900 thousand rubles.

Purchase of livestock cattle

And finally, the last and most “living” part of the cost is the purchase of farm animals. And here the costs can vary dramatically. What animals will you take: dairy cows or raised heifers? A dairy cow (2-3 calvings) will cost at least 60 thousand rubles, a heifer from 3 months will cost 10-15 thousand rubles, but she still needs to be raised.

Thus, to purchase 50 dairy cows ready to immediately produce milk, you will need to invest at least 3 million rubles. Buying young animals in the same quantity will help save money 5-6 times, but receiving finished products will have to be delayed for at least 10-12 months.

Thus, the total investment in a dairy farm for 50 head of cattle will range from 8 to 14 million rubles.

Income and expenses of a dairy farming enterprise

Forecasting cash flows and costs of a dairy farm is necessary to form a financial model in a business plan .

Current costs of a dairy farm in a business plan

Operating expenses of a dairy farm are carried out according to the following main items provided for in the business plan:

• Utilities – xxx rub.;
• Rent – ​​xxx;
• Tax payments – xxx;
• Staff salaries – xxx;
• Equipment repair – xxx;
• Purchase of feed – xxx;
• Transport costs – xxx.

The total amount reaches up to xxx rub. monthly.

Personnel composition of a dairy farm in a business plan

• Director;
• Accountant;
• Account Manager;
• Purchasing Manager;
• Vet;
• Technologist;
• Milkmaids;
• Workers;
• Drivers;
• Watchman

The total number of dairy farming enterprises will be from 25 people in accordance with the business plan .

Dairy farm income in a business plan

The revenue of a company for breeding dairy cows is generated through wholesale sales and amounts to xxx rubles in accordance with the business plan . per month, with an average market price of xxx rub. for 1 liter.

In this case, the profit can reach up to xxx rubles. monthly.

Which tax system to choose for registering a dairy farm

The next step is business registration. A small dairy farm can be registered as a peasant farm. This legal form is ideal for a family business. One person from the family is registered as the head of the household, and the rest - as members of the household. The registration process itself costs “kopecks” (no more than 1000 rubles) and takes 5 working days from the moment the documents are submitted to the tax office.

It is advisable to use the Unified Agricultural Tax (USAT) as a taxation system. For farming, this is the most profitable option. The farmer has to pay only 6% of the farm's profit.

Products and sales

Even before opening a dairy farm, it is necessary to decide on potential distribution channels for the products. This is such a well-known business postulate that neglecting it can destroy any project even at its start. Small wholesale resellers and stores are of course good, but you shouldn’t count on constant demand from them.

In addition, many small clients will want to work on a sales basis or with deferred payment, which also causes a lot of problems. The real client is processing enterprises that buy milk in large quantities and without any delays. By getting one or two such clients, you can significantly simplify your life and think about high prospects.

You can increase the income of a dairy farm by installing an additional milk processing workshop. For example, the dairy shop KOLAX-501, with which you can produce cottage cheese, sour cream, cheese, kefir and whey. The advantage of processing is that the price of the final product increases several times, and by using our own raw materials, that is, milk, the cost of the finished product is significantly reduced.

Of course, you don’t have to bother and deal only with milk. Moreover, processing requires additional investments, which a beginning farmer cannot always afford.

Starting a business

Project development begins with the registration of the enterprise in accordance with current legislation. First you need to decide on the form of ownership of the organization - a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur. Having decided, it is necessary to formalize the organization legally. Next, a personal account is opened at the bank in the name of the entrepreneur.

The rest of the documentation is completed after renting the premises, purchasing livestock and equipment. Before the farm begins to operate, it must undergo fire safety, sanitary and epidemiological and veterinary inspections. The result of the control must be documented and kept by the owner of the company.

Before opening, you need to get your accounting in order. The accountant will have to prepare financial reporting documents that will be submitted to the relevant government agencies. This matter must be approached responsibly, since incorrectly compiled reporting may result in criminal penalties. An accountant can be hired on a permanent basis or only for reporting.

Another important document that will be drawn up during work is a report on the regular inspection of livestock by a veterinarian. The doctor can be part of the permanent staff of the farm or as a one-time employee.

After the company has been registered, you need to start looking for a place to keep livestock. The livestock may be located in the nearest suburb or far from the city. There are several scenarios for the development of events: purchasing a place on which a farm will be built, purchasing an existing but abandoned farm.

The appropriate option should be selected based on the available funds, the planned number of livestock and the time expected to open the farm. If the plot is purchased or leased, there will be costs for the construction of outbuildings. When working with an existing farm, complex work will be required to repair and disinfect it.

Next comes the acquisition of the necessary equipment and machinery. Required equipment includes:

1. Tractor for transporting feed, manure and other household needs.
2. Mower, rakes and other equipment required for making hay.
3. A vehicle for delivering products to the buyer.
4. Milking machines.
5. Mini-workshop for processing milk into various dairy products. Its acquisition can be excluded if there are not enough funds for it.
6. Equipment for obtaining and processing milk.

When buying cattle, you need to pay attention to its breed. You should not save on this point, since cows of an expensive breed, as a rule, produce high-quality milk, which can be set at a high price.

You can additionally organize the breeding and sale of young purebred calves.

To feed the cows, pastures are rented and special concentrated feed and hay are purchased.

The costs of keeping cows include their insemination and periodic examination, and treatment by a veterinarian.

Dairy farming is a win-win idea. With sufficient start-up capital and patience, you can achieve constant and increasing profits.

How much can you earn on a dairy farm?

The income of a dairy farm will depend primarily on the productivity of the dairy herd and on the selling price of milk. The average milk yield per cow is 5000 liters per year. Yes, there are more successful farms that manage to increase this figure to 10,000 liters, but it is better to focus on average values.

It turns out that 50 cows will bring about 250,000 liters of milk to the farm. The average wholesale price of 1 liter of milk by region is 25 rubles (2019). From here, the dairy farm’s revenue will be: 250,000 x 25 = 6,250,000 rubles.

The Importance of Dairy Products and the Prospects of the Dairy Farm

That is, the demand for dairy products has increased, and the number of people wishing to start a farm has increased. At the same time, the demand for raw milk in our country is still greater than the supply. In Russia, milk production was considered profitable for large dairy complexes.

But the shortage of raw materials turned the attention of processors to small producers, while their prices are not inflated and the quality of the goods is high.

To assess the prospects of opening a farm, you need to consider the main important points and draw up a business plan for a dairy farm.

The amount of investment depends on the planned scale of production; it is advisable to open a dairy farm if you have at least 250 heads of cattle. After all, even if there are fewer of them, you will have to invest a decent amount, about 5.5 million rubles, on equipment and arrangement of premises. It will be necessary to build a functional livestock complex and select qualified and experienced personnel in agriculture.

You can draw up a business plan for a dairy farm yourself or order it from professionals.

Milk market

Milk is a strategically important product; its consumption should be approximately 450-500 kg per year per person. In practice, milk consumption is 2 times less than normal. According to experts, the dairy market is growing by 2-3% every year.

From other countries, milk is imported to us mainly only from Belarus. At the same time, our milk processing capacity is only 70% occupied.

Among the Russian regions, the leaders in milk production are Tataria, Bashkiria, Altai, Krasnodar Territory, and Rostov Region.

Financial expenses

Employees' salaries

Everything is clear with income, they are calculated simply. Another thing is planning business expenses. The first, and perhaps the main item of fixed expenses of a dairy farm is the payment of wages to employees. The wages of four workers (this number is enough to service 50 dairy cows) will be from 60 thousand rubles per month, respectively, per year - 720 thousand rubles.

Official employment of workers will require payment of insurance contributions to the Pension Fund and the Social Insurance Fund. Each employee must be paid monthly 30% of their salary (in 2014). Thus, for the year you will have to pay another 216 thousand insurance rubles.

Purchase of feed

Another significant expense item is the purchase of feed. According to statistical observations, one cow eats 15 thousand rubles worth of feed per year. This is not exact data, since it all depends on where and how much the feed is purchased. Rather, it is some kind of average indicator that you can rely on when planning your business. Thus, the cost of feed for 50 animals will be 750 thousand rubles per year.

Veterinary service

In addition to the cost of feed, the mandatory expenses of a dairy farm should include the cost of veterinary care, since without this it will not be possible to sell the products. Annual veterinary care will cost about 1000 - 2000 rubles per head, for 50 heads it will require 50 - 100 thousand rubles.

Rent a plot

In addition, the cost of renting the site should be taken into account. Everything here is very individual, and largely depends on the rental rates of local authorities. Renting 1-2 hectares of land can cost from 50 thousand rubles per year. Next are utility bills for electricity and water. Maintaining 50 heads of cattle can cost from 80-100 thousand rubles per year.

Repair work

Other expenses include costs for fuels and lubricants, minor repairs of premises, equipment and machinery, as well as force majeure. It would not be wrong to allocate about 150 thousand rubles per year for this article.

Hence, the total annual expenses of the farm for maintaining 50 cows will be about 2,036,000 rubles.

Profit before tax will be equal to 1,714,000 rubles. Minus taxes (Unified Agricultural Tax, 6%), the net profit of the dairy farm will be 1,611,160 rubles. With such calculations, the return on investment will occur in 4-5 years, which is a good indicator for such a business.

How to write a dairy farm business plan

To draw up a business plan for a dairy farm, you need to study the demand for future products, what trends there are in the market, what support programs exist for dairy producers and pay attention to such complexes that are already successfully operating.

In general, when organizing a farm, you need to focus on modern technologies and processes for keeping cows, and their mechanization.

The profitability of the dairy business can be increased through the use of succulent and high-quality feed, mechanized and robotic equipment that automates milk yield accounting and cooling.

Modern machines automatically wash the products and disinfect them, all of which results in high-quality milk.

Market analysis

Among the main competitors of Russian dairy farms are large import companies that control some large market segments.

Despite the fact that there is now a fairly large selection and assortment of dairy products on the market, this should not scare a new market participant; a businessman can find a niche for his dairy products.

The main thing is to find a middle ground and combine high quality products, affordable prices for consumers, and nice packaging.

High competition for the manufacturer of perishable products comes from large enterprises that produce and place their products in packaging that increases the shelf life of the goods. There is also a problem in working with chain stores and their monopolization of the market. And quite high demands are placed on the quality of dairy products and their labeling.

All these conditions force a large and local manufacturer to buy modern and not cheap equipment for packaging goods, for applying bar codes to the packaging of goods. Not everyone and not always can bear such costs.

After proper production and packaging of the product, it needs to be sold. Selling dairy products through large retail chains is also not easy.

To do this, you first need to make a fairly large entry fee, payment for the goods is made with a delay of twenty days, and goods that are not sold on time are returned.

But even taking into account all the difficulties, opening your own dairy farming business is quite profitable and attractive. Because the state is currently trying to restore this type of business in Russia so that there is import substitution, and for this it is creating help and support for farmers.

How to draw up a production plan for creating a dairy farm

In order to create and organize the production of a dairy business, you need to understand and formulate the main stages. This:

• 
  calculation of the number of livestock and breed of livestock;

• choosing the right room;
• purchase of necessary equipment;
• purchase of animal feed;
• recruiting employees to work on the farm;
• search for channels for selling goods.

There are certain requirements for the premises; it must have several departments - maternity, milking, a department where calves and dairy cows will live.

You need to select and buy modern and high-tech equipment for production on a dairy farm; ultimately, this will help save on production, because high-quality goods will be produced according to modern requirements and standards.

To work on modern equipment, qualified employees are needed; saving on this can lead to even greater costs.

Drawing up a financial plan for a dairy farm

When drawing up a financial plan for a dairy farm and planning expenses and income, you need to pay attention to periods when there are normal expenses but no income.

For example, animals always need to buy food, pay for utilities, and cows cannot be milked.

Therefore, it would be correct to form reserve capital in advance, because other circumstances may arise, for example, illness.

You can try to save money yourself by preparing feed and organizing retail sales of milk, and this is more profitable than selling milk as a raw material.

When planning a financial plan for a dairy farm, you need to know what options you will have:

• a farm on an industrial scale means having 50, 100 or 200 heads of livestock. On such a scale, it is possible to receive a good income, and the initial investment will be significant, since such a business will require modern and functional equipment, automated equipment, a large plot of land, and a large number of animals.

To purchase a modern milking and dairy unit, a calf barn for animals, you will need approximately 6-7 million rubles.

It is worth saying that by purchasing expensive equipment right away, you can save significantly on paying employee salaries.

When purchasing cows, you will have to pay approximately 30-40 thousand rubles for each, depending on the breed of livestock and the availability of the necessary vaccinations.

If you make an estimate for a quantity of one hundred heads, then you will need to pay about 2.5-4 million rubles for the herd.

• 
  A small farm will be a good option for those who have small savings that will be enough to get started. It’s good if you live somewhere in a village or nearby to control the process. To organize the work of a farm, you need to find a place in the village with a plot of land with a barn and outbuildings. You will need to buy about 20 heads of livestock, feed for them and the required equipment.

State support for farming - how to get a subsidy

In recent years, the state has been paying more and more attention to the development of farming in rural areas. In some regions, subsidies are provided annually to beginning farmers.

Subsidies are free financial assistance; subsidies should not be confused with loans. For example, in the Ulyanovsk region, as part of the “Beginner Farmer” program, an entrepreneur can receive a free subsidy of up to 1.8 million rubles for the development of his own farm. Financial support is provided on a competitive basis and priority is given to cattle breeding farms.

Any beginning farmer can take part in the competition if no more than 3 years have passed since his state registration. This amount is enough to purchase 25-30 adult cows at the start and start a full-fledged farming business.

Step-by-step plan for opening a mini-dairy farm. Where to begin

In order to open a mini-dairy farm, you need desire, money, land and livestock.
The main difference between a mini-farm and a regular one is its size, which means that the cost of maintaining it will be lower. As a rule, no more than 5 workers perform all necessary work. First, you need to register an individual entrepreneur and collect all the necessary documents. After this, it is advisable to begin building the barn. It is desirable that it contains several compartments for various purposes, and is also equipped with the necessary communications. Next, we purchase equipment, feed and, finally, livestock. The number of livestock on such farms usually does not exceed 30 cows.

Stages of opening dairy farming in a business plan

To launch a project to create a dairy farm , you will need the following algorithm of actions provided for in the business plan:

1. Select a plot of land and premises;
2. Carry out repair work or build the necessary structures;
3. Register a business;
4. Purchase equipment;
5. Purchase livestock of cattle;
6. Select and hire employees;
7. Obtain permits;
8. Conduct marketing activities and develop sales channels;
9. Launch the project.

To take into account all the nuances and calculate the efficiency and feasibility of investments, a business plan is drawn up. A ready-made business plan for breeding dairy cattle can be downloaded from the link below. It contains all the necessary information and calculations. It also includes a financial model that allows you to forecast revenue, profit and other indicators. Thanks to this document, you will not have any difficulties in obtaining loans, subsidies and attracting investments.

What documents are needed to open a mini-dairy farm?

To open a mini-dairy farm, the following documents are required:

1. Land lease agreement.
2. Permission from fire inspectors.
3. On-load tap-changer permit.
4. Application for registration of individual entrepreneurs.
5. Quality certificates for goods that are subject to mandatory veterinary examination.

Professional business plans on the topic:

• Dairy farm business plan (51 pages) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
• Sheep farming business plan (57 pages) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
• Livestock business plan (32 pages) - DOWNLOAD ⬇

Project profitability and payback period

Undoubtedly, the dairy business is a profitable business, but how much, and is this profit worth the effort? The costs of opening and developing a dairy farm will be as follows:

1. Registration of the farm in accordance with current legislation. The regional average amount that may be required varies within 50 thousand rubles.
2. Rent or construction of premises where the cattle will be located. The average cost of a month's payment for a farm will be 150 thousand rubles.
3. Repair work and subsequent disinfection. This cost item will cost approximately 300 thousand rubles.
4. Equipment costs will amount to about 1920 thousand rubles.
5. Purchase of 20 head of livestock. On average, one cow costs 40 thousand rubles. 20 heads will cost 800 thousand rubles.
6. You will have to prepare 950 thousand rubles for feed and rent of pastures.
7. On average, 165 thousand rubles will be spent on wages for workers.
8. Utility bills and taxes. Considering that the farm will be located outside the city, where the cost of housing and communal services is much lower, this expense item will average 50 thousand rubles.

Just for opening you will need an amount of 4385 thousand rubles. This is a significant investment for many entrepreneurs. It is necessary to take into account that some expenses will be repeated monthly: wages, housing and communal services, tax payments, etc. The average payback period for a dairy farm is 31 months . After this time, the farm will begin to generate a stable income.

The figures are given for a farm with a small herd of 20 heads of cattle. In order for the work and worries to be justified, it is worth opening a farm with at least 150 heads of livestock. With such a number of cows, the profit will be sufficient. The larger the herd, the greater the profit, but also the higher the initial investment. These points need to be taken into account when drawing up a business plan for a dairy farm.