Big difference: how to distinguish part-time work from combining professions

Currently, given the low level of salaries, many are trying to get additional income by working part-time or combining several types of income. In this article we will try to figure out how a combination differs from a part-time job, what are the benefits of each type and what are the disadvantages. Every citizen should be savvy in such issues, and our article will help with this.

So, let's look at the main points of the topic: “Combination and part-time work: the difference.” The table below will clearly and in detail demonstrate the main differences between these types of additional employment.

Part-time job

Every country has a Labor Code that regulates the relationship between an employee and the head of an enterprise or institution, and also describes in detail the rights of both parties. Chapter 44 of the Labor Code of our country contains detailed information about the rights and responsibilities of employees who decide to work part-time.

Already here you can notice that there is a difference between combination and part-time work.

Part-time work should be performed when the main activity is already completed or the employee has a legal day off. Here it is necessary to take into account that break time or continuation of the working day is not suitable.

The main distinguishing features of part-time work are the following:

• The employee is already working, he has an employment contract at that workplace, and it is considered the main one.
• All types of work with this type of employment can be performed only during the period of time when the person is not busy at his main job.
• It is necessary to conclude another employment contract to perform the amount of work that will be considered part-time employment.

Internal part-time and combination: what is the difference

Internal part-time work is sometimes called combination. However, these words are not synonyms. Internal part-time work involves performing additional work at the same enterprise, but outside the scope of the main job. It is carried out on the basis of a separate employment contract concluded with the employee and an order issued by the employer.

The combination of positions is regulated by Article 60.2 of the Labor Code. Unlike part-time work, in this case the employee, for additional pay, performs the additional functions assigned to him “in parallel” with his main job, that is, during the same working hours. The employee works not longer, but more intensively, performing not only his own duties, but also other work during a regular shift. Work assigned to another position (profession) can be performed by combining positions (professions), and work in a similar profession or position can be performed by expanding the service area or increasing the volume of work.

Part-time work, internal and external, combination of professions and positions are different institutions that require knowledge of legal nuances when hiring employees and in the process of its activities. This will protect the employer from possible fines for non-compliance with labor laws.

Types of part-time jobs

If you carefully study Article 60.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, you will find out that part-time work is supposed to be divided into two types:

• Internal. Combination and part-time work of this kind involves working for the same employer with whom the employment contract has already been concluded, only outside working hours. This is possible if there are vacancies.
• External part-time work means working after a working day, on your day off, but at a completely different enterprise.

Now there is a reservation that a person can engage in the same type of activity as at his main job. Previously this was not allowed.

Conditions for combining part-time and part-time work for one employee

To answer the question whether a part-time worker can be involved in a combination, you need to refer to the provisions of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Combination of work can only be issued to an internal part-time worker. Let's consider what conditions are met for various types of part-time work:

Combination

If you compare part-time and part-time work, what the difference is can be understood if you read Article 60.2 of the Labor Code. It clearly states that combination can be defined as the amount of work an employee does additionally at his own workplace. The employer burdens the subordinate with additional responsibilities without interrupting his main activity.

It turns out that combination and part-time work are very different in this regard. When combining, only with the consent of the employee himself can he be given any other responsibilities. In this case, an additional employment contract is not concluded, and everything is formalized only by order of management.

The difference between a combination and a part-time job is now clear. In the first case, a person can agree or refuse management’s offer, and in the second, if he wishes, he himself looks for a place to earn additional income if he is not satisfied with the salary for his main job.

Any specialist at the enterprise should be aware that no manager has the right to burden him with additional combined responsibilities without obtaining his consent. He can always refuse this. Nowadays there are often situations where an employer tries to work an employee more, but pay only for the main work. To avoid getting into trouble, everyone should study their job description, which contains detailed information about the duties that they must perform.

It is necessary to have a good understanding of the issues of what internal combination and combination are, what is the difference between these concepts. Only after studying all the nuances can you try to find a part-time job or agree to do additional work.

Basic information about concepts

Part-time work and combination, according to legislative acts, are different concepts. The main difference is in what type of employment an additional employment contract is drawn up with the employee. Based on Art. 60.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, an employee is not prohibited from concluding such employment contracts to perform other paid work, but in his free time from his main duties. The second difference is the number of working hours for such activities. In Art. 284 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation clearly outlines the conditions for part-time work, which involves working in excess of the working hours established by law.

1. Part-time job. This is the name given to the employee performing other work functions during the period of time when he is free from his main job. A condition of work is the conclusion of a separate employment contract (Article 282 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). Part-time work is divided into internal, when both types of activities are performed for one employer, and external, when working for different employers.
2. Combination. This term implies the performance of additional functions without interruption from the main job. Combination can only be internal, because additional responsibilities are performed during the main work activity. In this case, the written consent of the full-time employee is required to perform the work and draw up an additional agreement to the employment contract.

The conditions for concluding employment contracts in these cases are regulated by additions to Chapter 10 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (as amended on June 30, 2006). Part-time issues are covered in Art. 60.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, and when combined in Art. 60.2 Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

What is more profitable for the employee?

So, you are thinking about such a question as part-time and combined work. The difference between them is significant, but not every person who is not a specialist in the field of personnel records knows which is more profitable. To make this task easier, we will name the advantages of each type of work.

The advantages of part-time work include the following:

• a good opportunity to try your hand at another profession;
• when performing such work, you can feel more confident in the general labor market;
• wages with this type of employment will be much higher than with combination employment.

  

But combining work also has its advantages:

• There may be a good opportunity to earn a higher salary while working in one place;
• if you have to replace a sick employee, there is every chance to improve your skills;
• You can raise your authority in the eyes of your superiors by demonstrating your loyalty and freeing them from searching for a new employee.

What conclusion can be drawn from all of the above? Both options are acceptable - combination and part-time. Of course, there will be a difference in payment, but everyone should base their choice on their own living conditions and needs, and then make a choice for themselves independently.

In what cases is combination or part-time work possible?

It is difficult to say which of these activities is more common. Both combination and part-time work have their place, it’s just that the reasons why there is a need for one type of employment or another are different.

In any enterprise or organization, combination is a fairly common phenomenon. This schedule is usually used when one of the employees goes on vacation, is on long-term sick leave or is on maternity leave. It is not profitable for an employer to look for a new specialist for a temporary position, so he invites one of the employees to combine his duties with the work of a temporarily absent person.

As a rule, an increase in workload occurs in a specialty close to the one in which the specialist works. The combination should not involve separation from the main place of work and should not lead to an increase in working hours. The combination is formalized by order of management and only with the consent of the employee.

Answering the question: “Part-time work and part-time work: what is the difference between them?”, we can say that a part-time employee is a separate unit of the state with a social package due to him. In this case, everything is formalized using an employment contract, which must be signed. Next, we will discuss in detail both types of activities - part-time and combination. The table will show you more clearly what the difference is.

Types of combination and part-time work

Part-time status is obtained by an employee who, in addition to his main job obligations, performs the duties of an employee who is temporarily absent from his workplace. It is important to note that this type of activity is only available to those workers who are officially employed. It should also be mentioned that additional work obligations are performed only in free time. This means that the employee does not have the right to use his main working time to solve additional production tasks. Part-time work is divided into external and internal forms.

To begin with, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the internal type of part-time job. With this form of labor activity, the employee assumes obligations to perform additional production tasks. It is important to note that additional job responsibilities are performed only during free hours. It should also be said that the areas of primary and additional activities may differ. According to the current law, the employer and employee of the enterprise must enter into an additional agreement, which is attached to the employment contract. In this case, the company administration must obtain the employee’s written consent to increase the workload.

External combination has a number of features. First of all, this type of work is performed on the territory of another employer. The current Labor Code contains regulations regulating the length of the working day for employees combining several positions. According to this document, the length of the working day in the second place of work should not exceed more than four hours. In addition, it should be noted that a corresponding employment agreement is concluded with this employee, which fixes the amount of wages, provided benefits and additional payments. The amount of wages is determined by the volume of tasks performed or the length of the working day.

Who can't work part-time?

The Labor Code spells out all the nuances of this type of employment, and Article 282 contains information about who is not supposed to work part-time. This group includes the following categories of citizens:

1. Persons who have not yet turned 18 years of age.
2. Workers who are engaged in heavy or hazardous work, if part-time work involves the same conditions.
3. People whose work is related to driving vehicles: as a rule, a driver will not be able to earn extra money in his free time from performing his main duties.

Separately, it is worth highlighting persons who are also not supposed to engage in part-time work:

• State Duma deputies;
• bank employees;
• prosecutors and judges.
• employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs;
• those who work in foreign intelligence agencies;
• civil servants.

If we compare part-time and part-time work (we have already more or less figured out what the difference is), we can say that for the first type of employment such restrictions do not apply, since responsibilities are combined within the framework of the previous working day.

Differences between internal and external part-time jobs

What is the difference between internal part-time and part-time work? In order to understand the differences between these types of work activities, it is necessary to carefully study the regulatory documents regulating controversial issues in the relations between employees and the company administration.

One of the main differences between part-time jobs is that the additional amount of work is done only in free time.

As a rule, this method is used by those workers who work in shift mode. Combining several positions or professions means performing additional tasks during the working day. At each enterprise, the personnel department maintains a special journal, which records the period worked by each employee. It should be noted that the time worked by part-time workers is counted separately. In a situation where an employee combines several positions, a special note is made where a certain time period for fulfilling basic and additional labor obligations is recorded.

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation gives the employee the right to perform other work in his free time from his main job.

Internal part-time work is divided into the following types:

1. Combination of several positions in one enterprise.
2. Fulfillment of the main obligations and duties of an employee temporarily absent from the workplace.

It should be noted that in this example, the employer does not need to enter additional information into the part-time worker’s work book. However, it is allowed to record an additional mark at his personal request. A separate employment contract is concluded with a person who has the status of a part-time worker. With internal combination, only an annex is drawn up, which is supported by the main agreement.

Internal part-time and external: what is the difference? When considering this issue, we should dwell in detail on the process of terminating the employment relationship. In the case of external part-time work, the employer must terminate the concluded contract, guided by the rules set out in the Labor Code. In the case of internal part-time work, it is sufficient to prepare an appropriate administrative act.

It is important to note that each of the parties to this agreement is given the right to refuse to comply with the terms of the additional agreement. A part-time worker belonging to any of the above types receives a salary corresponding to the amount of work performed or time spent. Employees who combine several positions or professions are provided with additional payments, the amount of which is negotiated during the conclusion of an additional agreement.

There are a number of subtleties in the relationship between the company’s employees and the manager that must be taken into account. Such subtleties include:

1. Internal regulations of the company and rules of discipline.
2. Job descriptions for each employee.
3. Work performance.

Of particular importance in the issue of the types of labor activity under consideration is the procedure for terminating the employment agreement. In order to prevent the development of possible conflicts, each party must study in detail its rights and obligations.

Both internal and external part-time work must be formalized by an independent employment contract

A clear difference between the two types of income

As you already understand, there are main differences between part-time and combination jobs. The table will help you compare them with each other and make the right choice if necessary.

It’s probably now clear what part-time work and combination are. The table showed the main differences more than clearly. It can only be added that in both types of activities, an agreement on financial liability, if any, is required.

What is the difference between part-time and combination?

Part-time work is the performance by an employee of other regular paid work under the terms of an employment contract in his free time from his main job.

Concluding employment contracts for part-time work is permitted with an unlimited number of employers, unless otherwise provided by federal law.

Part-time work can be performed by an employee, both at the place of his main job and with other employers.

In other words, the work performed by an employee is considered part-time if:

— the employment contract was concluded with an employee who is already in an employment relationship;

under this employment contract, other work is performed in addition to the main one, and the work is regular and paid;

This work is performed by the employee in his free time from his main job.

Article 60.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for two types of part-time work:

internal - working outside of normal working hours for one's employer. Internal part-time work is possible if the same employer has vacancies;

external - working outside of one's working hours for another employer.

Previously, internal part-time work was allowed only in another profession, specialty or position. Now there are no such restrictions. The norm of Article 60.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation gives an employee the right to enter into employment contracts to perform other regular paid work in his free time from his main job, without specifying that this work should be in a different profession, specialty or position.

Working on an external part-time basis does not require additional permits, except for permission for the head of the organization and members of the collegial executive body of the organization, if federal laws and constituent documents establish for them the specifics of labor regulation (Articles 276, 281 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Part-time work requires the conclusion of a written employment contract. The general requirements established by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for employment contracts (Chapters 10 and 11 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) apply to employment contracts with part-time workers. The employment contract must indicate that the job is a part-time job.

The term of the employment contract for part-time work is established by agreement of the parties.

In accordance with the provisions of Article 283 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, when applying for a part-time job with another employer, an employee is required to present a passport or other identification document. When hiring a part-time job that requires special knowledge, the employer has the right to require the employee to present a diploma or other document on education or professional training, or duly certified copies thereof, and when hiring for hard work, work with harmful and (or) dangerous conditions labor - a certificate about the nature and conditions of work at the main place of work.

When applying for a part-time job, we recommend creating his personal file in the general manner provided for conducting personnel records. In addition to the documents listed in Article 283 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the personal file must contain: a copy of the employment contract, an order for employment and other documents defining the nature of the labor relationship between the employer and part-time worker.

For persons working part-time (internal or external), there is a limit on the duration of working hours set by the employer - no more than four hours a day (Article 284 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

It should be noted that the norms for working hours when working part-time have been significantly changed, upward. Now, instead of the “maximum weekly norm - 16 hours”, the norm “for one month (another accounting period)” is applied; the duration of working time when working part-time should not exceed half of the monthly working time norm (working time norm for another accounting period) established for the corresponding category of workers. At the same time, on days when the employee is free from work duties at his main place of work, he can work part-time full time (shift), that is, more than four hours a day.

At the same time, the norms for the duration of working hours when working part-time do not apply in cases where the employee has suspended work at his main place of work in accordance with part two of Article 142 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation or is suspended from work in accordance with parts two or four of Article 73 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Part-time work for persons under the age of eighteen, in heavy work, work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions is not allowed, if the main work is related to the same conditions, as well as in other cases provided for by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws.” (Article 282 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

According to Article 276 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the head of an organization can work part-time for another employer only with the permission of the authorized body of the legal entity, or the owner of the organization’s property, or a person (body) authorized by the owner.

Article 288 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes an additional basis for termination of an employment contract concluded for an indefinite period with part-time workers: if an employee for whom this place of work is the main one is hired for a workplace occupied by a part-time worker, the employer has the right to dismiss the part-time worker. In addition, the employer is obliged to warn the specified person about this in writing at least two weeks before the termination of the employment contract.

By agreement of the parties, an employee working part-time may be hired for the main job in this organization. In this case, the employment contract for part-time work is terminated, and another employment contract is concluded on new terms.

Combination is the performance by an employee, along with his main work, as provided for in the employment contract (job description), of additional work in another profession at the same enterprise or institution during the allotted time for the main work by the voluntary consent of the employee, that is, the employee is not exempt from your main job.

This is allowed if the combined position is approved by the staffing table and is vacant. It should be noted that work under the conditions of combining professions (positions) is very easy to confuse with similar types of labor relations, such as, for example, fulfilling the duties of a temporarily absent employee, increasing the volume of work. It is very important to clearly distinguish these types of labor relations, since personnel documentation, the procedure for remuneration, taxation, and the calculation of sick leave and vacation pay depend on the correct definition of status.

Let's consider these types of labor relations.

Fulfilling the duties of a temporarily absent employee without exemption from primary duties involves the performance of the employee’s job duties during illness, vacation or business trips and other reasons, when he retains his place of work, usually prescribed in the job description and formalized by order of the enterprise.

Increasing the volume of work - performing, along with your main work, stipulated by the employment contract, an additional volume of work in the same profession or position.

Documents required when applying for a part-time job:

Basic documents - passport, copy of work book (for external part-time work),

- documents on education, if the part-time position requires special knowledge and skills (for example, a medical worker or teacher).

When applying for a job with hazardous working conditions, they may ask for a medical certificate (a copy of it from the main place of work) and a certificate from the main employer about the number of hours you work, because You must not exceed the established standards for working in hazardous working conditions that can cause harm to health.

Of course, when hiring a part-time driver, they require a driver’s license of the appropriate category and a medical certificate, but an education diploma is not required.

If you want to work part-time as a watchman, janitor or office cleaner, you only need a copy of your work permit and passport.

There is no regulated list of required documents for part-time employment.

How to get a part-time job

Within the framework of the topic: “Part-time work and combination: main differences,” it would not be superfluous to dwell on the issue of employment. If an employee is asked to combine several duties, then nothing other than an agreement is required, because everything happens practically at his workplace.

If a person decides to get another part-time job, then he will have to go through the registration procedure almost from scratch. You will need to present the following documents:

• passport;
• certificate of pension insurance;
• TIN;
• military registration documents.

  

If the job requires certain skills and abilities, then the employer has the right to demand the presentation of a document that will confirm the presence of those same skills. This may be a diploma or certificate of completion of an educational institution.

If there are harmful or dangerous conditions at your new place of work, your manager may ask you to provide a certificate from your main place of employment.

You do not need to bring your work book, as it must be located at your main place of work. But a person has the right to enter information about part-time work into it; in this case, he needs to approach his main employer with such a request and provide confirmation of his part-time employment.

Differences between external and internal part-time work

The main difference between external and internal part-time work is that part-time work is carried out with different employers: internal - with the main employer, external - with another employer.

The procedure for notifying the main employer of additional employment is also different. In case of internal part-time work, there is no need to notify the head of the organization, but in case of external part-time work, this can be done at will.

Another important difference is the procedure for making entries in the work book. If the part-time job is internal, the personnel officer makes the entry, and this is done without fail. In case of external part-time work, the employee has the right to independently decide whether there is a need to make an entry. After all, to do this you will have to notify the main employer, and only he will be able to make the necessary entry.

For more information on how to make an entry about part-time work in your work book, read the article.

Length of working day for part-time work

The question of what part-time and part-time jobs are is well covered; the table shows the main differences between these types of work, but the issue of working hours is not touched upon. Let's look at it in more detail.

If a person decides to take a part-time job, he should know that his working hours should not exceed 4 hours a day. If we talk about the monthly norm, then with a 40-hour work week, it should take no more than 20 hours to perform additional duties.

If work is to be done on a legal day off at the main place of employment, then it is allowed to work eight hours. There are some categories of people who have a shortened work week, these include:

• medical industry workers;
• teachers;
• people working in the cultural sector.

The Government of the Russian Federation has established the following working week length: for medical workers - 39 hours, for teachers - 36 hours. For these categories of citizens, the duration of part-time work may be a monthly norm in certain cases. All this should be considered by a tripartite labor relations commission.

It must be taken into account that educational workers are subject not only to Articles 282 and 60.1 of the Labor Code, but also to the following acts:

• Law on Education.
• Federal laws relating to this industry.

It is there that it is stipulated that a teacher can work part-time not only in his own educational institution, but also in another, and also try his hand at another specialty, if there is confirmation of his skills in this area.

Part-time work for healthcare workers

We looked at what internal part-time work and combination work are, what the difference is - we sorted it out, and now we’ll find out what standards exist for medical workers.

1. The norm for part-time work for medical and pharmaceutical workers may be half of their main time of employment.
2. If half the norm is 16 hours a week, then part-time work can take the same amount of time.
3. For doctors and medical employees working in places with a shortage of personnel, the monthly duration of part-time work can be calculated based on the length of the working week.
4. For junior medical employees, regardless of their place of work, the standard time for part-time work is calculated from the length of the working week in the main position.

   

The Labor Code contains Article 350, which states that, by decision of the government of the Russian Federation, the working hours of part-time medical workers who operate in rural areas may be increased. This is because these areas tend to have severe shortages of medical personnel. In this case, both part-time and part-time jobs are possible (what the difference is is not so important, since these types of employment are found quite often in the village).

Nuances

If we consider teaching, medical staff and cultural workers, then for these categories of citizens the following work will not be considered part-time work:

1. Carrying out various examinations with a one-time payment.
2. If the teacher conducts additional lessons on an hourly basis, but not more than 300 hours per year.
3. Conducting consultations in their organizations in an amount of no more than 300 hours per year.
4. Pedagogical activity in the same educational institution, if there is additional payment for it.

A specialist can perform all these types of activities during his main working hours, but there are exceptions:

• scientific and creative activities, if there is no such staffing position;
• organizing and conducting excursions without appointment to such a position.

But it must be clarified that performing any other work, if you are not currently engaged in your main activity, is permitted and does not require consent from the employer.