Organizational plan: goals, structure and development features

Example of a cafe business plan

Objective of the project. Create a public catering point - a cafe, in the central area to serve guests and residents of the city, in particular: university students, employees of office buildings, visitors to the shopping complex (here you can indicate specific addresses of the nearest facilities). Description of the project. The cafe will consist of 1 hall, a bar counter, a utility room - warehouse, 1 production workshop. To organize production you will need:

• — technological equipment (coffee machine, refrigerator, microwave oven, inventory, dishes);
• — cash register equipment;
• - furniture;
• - renovation of non-residential premises.

Description of the market. In the area where the cafe is located there are now 2 fast food restaurants. Our competitive advantages: expanded menu, more seats, special offer - set lunch with a fixed price in 5 minutes.

Investment plan:

• — receive a loan in the amount of 150,000 rubles for repairs and purchase of equipment;
• — carry out personnel selection;
• — conclude contracts for the supply of raw materials, products, drinks;
• — obtain permits to conduct business.

Project start 10/12/2013, payback period 6 months, project profitability 32%.

Results

The start of any business is preceded by planning and assessment of the relevance of entrepreneurial activity. To do this, it is necessary to develop a business plan for the project. The document is drawn up on a voluntary basis and is a guarantee of the success of the business. It is mandatory if it is necessary to attract investments through loans or funds from partner companies. The business plan must reflect in detail all the processes of the planned activity.

One section of the document discusses organizational aspects. Typically, the main emphasis in a business plan is placed by the entrepreneur on the financial section, and minimal attention is paid to the organizational part. This approach to preparing a start often causes problems in a business, as a result of which it has to be suspended. At the same time, entrepreneurs who take a responsible approach to organizing their activities can count on its success, since competent management and coordination of qualified employees is a guarantee of the effective functioning of the business.

Example of a pharmacy business plan

Objective of the project. Making a profit in the sales market of high-quality and effective medicines, biological additives, and hygiene products. Project task. Ensure the implementation of a competent marketing campaign, occupy the real market sector at least 20%.

Description of the market. Due to the constant increase in the number of chronic and seasonal diseases, the pharmacy market requires the opening of new outlets. Competitive advantage - highly qualified staff, cumulative discounts for regular customers, extended evening checkout hours - until 22.00

Risks. Changes in legislation regulating the drug market, as a result of which prices for imported drugs may increase and demand may decrease.

Project stages:

• — Placement of a pharmacy in a busy area (city hospital No. 2);
• — Personnel selection;
• — Creation of a 24-hour helpline;
• — Purchase of equipment and adjustment of computer programs;
• — Conducting an advertising campaign.

Break-even analysis. The break-even volume of monthly sales was set at 4,000 units and 160,000 rubles. Financial indicators of the project. Return on sales – 34%, return on equity – 106% with inventory turnover – 0.79, operating assets – 16.82.

Standard business plan structure

The structure of a business plan depends on the nature of the business, the goals of the plan, and the requirements of the potential investor.

The most popular in Russia is the business plan structure proposed by UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization). According to the standards developed by this organization, a business plan must have the following content:

1. Executive summary;
2. General description of the enterprise;
3. Products and services;
4. Marketing;
5. Production plan;
6. Management and organization;
7. Financial plan;
8. Risk assessment;
9. Applications.

A business plan should start from the end, i.e. with a resume.

It is naturally prepared at the end of the work, when all the main sections are completed.

A resume is very important in cases where you are going to present your business plan to an investor or bank. It is clear that it must make a favorable impression, otherwise the chances of a detailed study of your business plan become small, and the chance of receiving funding tends to zero.

A resume is an extremely shortened version of a business plan .

A business plan should start with conclusions. They should be written last, but they will be the very first point of your business plan. The resume should be no more than 1-2 pages.

A resume is an independent advertising document; it contains the main provisions of the entire business plan. This will be the only part that most potential investors will read. The investor, first of all, will want to know: the size of the loan, for what purpose, the expected repayment period, who else is going to invest in the project, what own funds are available. This means that conclusions should be written as if you were trying to explain the benefits of the project to the first passerby.

Hence the utmost simplicity and conciseness of presentation, a minimum of special terms. The last page of your resume should be devoted to the financial results you expect to receive from your project:

• information on projected sales volumes for the coming years;
• sales revenue;
• production costs;
• gross profit;
• level of profitability from investments in your business;
• payback period of the project.

In general, when developing a business plan , you need to keep two questions in mind:

1. “What will I get if I successfully implement this business plan?”
2. “What is the risk of losing money?”

If you are preparing a business plan for yourself, then you don’t have to bother with a resume with all the procedures for compiling it. Better spend more time and effort on other more important sections.

General description of the enterprise.

In this section it is necessary to characterize the enterprise and its position in the market.

Indicate the organizational and legal form of the enterprise, list the main activities, owners of the enterprise, achievements, main financial indicators, differences between the company and competitors, problems and goals of this business. This is if you already have something to describe.

If you are writing a business plan to start a business, then imagine the future. Those. By now you should come up with a company name. Clearly represent its organizational and legal form : LLC, CJSC. OJSC, or maybe just individual entrepreneur. If you are not alone, then who is with you on the founding team, what shares, who is investing what, in what time frame, in short, what the company plans to do.

Products and services.

The “Products and Services” section itself already says what needs to be reflected here. We describe here everything that is important to present the product or service that your company offers.

You must clearly define and describe the types of products or services that will be offered to the market. Here you should specify some aspects of the technology required to produce your product or service.

Describe the main characteristics of your products, while focusing on the benefits that your products provide to potential buyers. It is very important that you highlight the uniqueness of your products or services. This can be expressed in different forms: new technology, product quality, low cost, or some special advantage that satisfies the needs of customers.

It is also necessary that you highlight the possibility of improving this product (service). Investors rarely resort to cooperation with a company specializing in a single type of product without evidence of the possibility of improving it.

Describe any patents or copyrights you have on inventions or other reasons that might prevent competitors from entering your market. Such reasons may include exclusive distribution rights or trademarks. Investors prefer a healthy lack of competition.

Marketing.

But this section is one of the most difficult; it requires a lot of time, creativity, knowledge, and observations. THIS IS A VERY IMPORTANT AND SERIOUS SECTION. Here you need to convince yourself (well, if you are planning an investor, then him first of all) of the existence of a market for your product or service, that you understand it and will be able to sell your product or service.

The failure of most of the failed commercial projects was due precisely to poor market research and an overestimation of its capacity. You need to first collect and process a large amount of information. A typical market research process involves 4 stages:

• determining the type of data you need;
• searching for this data;
• data analysis;
• implementation of measures to use this data for the benefit of the enterprise.

By the way, this section is the most important section in a business plan , according to Western experts and businessmen who are faced with developing a business plan for starting a new business.

The very first information you will need is: who will buy your goods or services, where is your niche in the market? It is very important here to present a portrait of your typical (standard) buyer (consumer).

In addition, it is necessary to predict the market and find answers to the question of who, why and how much will be ready to buy your products tomorrow, the day after tomorrow and generally over the next 3 years.

This section is also the place where you should forecast the future of the company. Just not the one you want to see in your rosy dreams, but taking into account the realities of the existing world.

For this, in the West, people came up with a good thing called SWOT ANALYSIS.

SWOT is an abbreviation of English words: Strenth - strength; Weafness - weakness; Orogtunitis – opportunities; Troubles - threats. We will talk about this in great detail in other articles, since this is a VERY important thing, and not only for drawing up a business plan.

This analysis is also called situational analysis. The strengths and weaknesses of a company are those characteristics that can be controlled by a businessman and which he can influence. They usually refer to the present tense. The following factors are usually considered here:

• organizational (organizational and legal form, availability of own or rented premises);
• marketing (location, marketing mix, market, its segment; competitors: how the product (service) will differ from the competitive one);
• technical (production assets: condition and resources); -financial (availability of own funds);
• personnel (skills and professional deficiencies, to what extent the idea corresponds to the ideas, knowledge and skills of the entrepreneur).

Opportunities and threats are those characteristics that are beyond the control of a businessman and can affect the outcome in the future. The following factors need to be taken into account:

• economic environment (state support for small forms, tax legislation);
• political environment;
• socio-cultural environment;
• technological environment;
• demographic environment.

You need to analyze the factors that led to the emergence of your idea and its attractiveness. (Problems with electricity in Russia - the need for wind turbines, technology progress, demand studies, government policy, behavior of competitors). How will they develop in the future?

Production plan.

This section describes the technological process of production of products and services. It is worth reflecting the company’s general approach to organizing production.

1. Location of premises, communications, energy sources.
2. Technological equipment (name and main characteristics).
3. Volume of products (services).
4. Sources of supply of essential materials, equipment or labor.
5. Storage conditions for finished products (long shelf life requires additional financial resources).
6. List of sources of raw materials and materials.

Management and organization.

Here it is important to present the structure of the current or future enterprise. The following information is also shown:

1. Owners of the company, director, key management team.
2. Planning the number of personnel.
3. Terms of payment and incentives, working conditions.
4. Education, preparation.
5. Management remuneration.

The most important result of working on this section should be:

• detailed structure of the enterprise;
• detailed staffing schedule.

Financial plan.

The main objective of this section is to formulate and present a detailed system of designs that reflect the expected financial results of the company.

I must say that this is the most important section, where all the financial data of the project is shown over time.

For an existing business, it is advisable to show financial data for previous years and, accordingly, for future periods. This is easier to do for an existing business since there are already real numbers to rely on.

For a future business, the task becomes more complicated; you need to carefully predict sales volumes, revenues, prices, and also try to present expenses as honestly as possible. The financial plan must contain a schedule for the completion of work and the need for financial resources for their implementation (proposed sources and schemes of financing, the responsibility of borrowers and a system of guarantees, a loan repayment schedule), and a detailed cost estimate.

The financial plan includes a cash flow statement, profit and loss statement, project performance indicators (internal rate of return, NPV, payback period, profitability index, break-even point, operating leverage, etc.).

We will talk about them in detail in other articles.

Risk assessment.

Here you need to focus on the degree of risk, as well as the problems that the business may face.

Ask yourself the question “what if...?” Thinking about a possible risk in advance means being well prepared for it. You also need to remember that sales volume behaves cyclically, just like cash flow.

Think about the risks you may encounter while doing business. And this is where the previously completed SWOT analysis will help you.

However, simply describing the likely risk without outlining the actions that can minimize it is useless.

The correct way to show the financial implications of such risks is to conduct a sensitivity analysis. This means reworking financial forecasts so as to see their consequences (of these factors, risks), i.e. how they will affect your ROI, profitability, etc.

Be sure to conduct an analysis of technical and financial risks (sensitivity and break-even analysis).

Applications.

Well, here present all additional documents related to your project or company that can clarify and supplement the information reflected in your business plan.

• list of taxes paid by the enterprise (name, tax base, tax rate, frequency of payments, tax benefits);
• results of marketing research;
• letters of guarantee, protocols of intent, contracts with suppliers of raw materials, consumers of products;
• copies of land lease agreements, rental agreements, licenses;
• articles from magazines and newspapers about the activities of the enterprise or about the product proposed for production;
• reviews from reputable organizations.

Website:

Author – Mikhailov Artyom

Example of an online store business plan

Objective of the project. Creation of an online store to serve corporate clients on an ongoing basis. Type of activity : supplying clients with an assortment of office products, equipment, and furniture. Description of the project. To organize a business you will need:

• — remote office;
• - computer equipment;
• - computer program;
• — organizing telephone and Internet communications with clients;
• - Express delivery;
• - automobile.

Market analysis. Today, the market sector for the delivery of office supplies to city offices is free. The main competitors will be stationary stores and online stores with delivery of goods from other cities. Our competitive advantages are a wide range, a flexible system of discounts expressed as a percentage of the order amount, minimum delivery time - 1 day.

Project strategy for 1 year:

• — concluding an agreement with a large supplier of goods of the required range;
• — accumulation of demand using the website and provision of intermediary services between the supplier’s warehouse and customers;
• — increasing sales volumes;
• — investment in creating your own warehouse and stock of goods using a bank loan.

What issues are covered in the organizational section of the business plan?

In order to effectively and quickly draw up an organizational plan in a business plan, you will only need to prepare a list of several questions, the answers to which will be described in detail in this paragraph, and will also become the basis for the implementation of the organizational structure. Among the main ones are the following:

• What are the main links in the organizational management chart?
• What is the relationship between the individual links?
• Buy a business plan
  How can you present a project for coordinating the activities of individual departments?
• What kind of personnel is required for the job?
• How are the responsibilities of employees divided within a given enterprise?

These are the main issues that you will need to cover in your business plan. It is the competent answers to them that will determine the success of project management.

Advice! It is best to start working on a section by drawing up all the questions that need to be covered in as much detail as possible, this will make it easier to write.

Example of a business plan for a clothing store

Description of the project. The store will present several product groups - outerwear, evening dresses, underwear, accessories (bags, umbrellas, leather goods).

Market analysis. There are no specialized women's clothing stores within a radius of 1.5 km from the store's location; at a distance of 2.3 km there is the Alleya shopping complex, which has points of sale of dresses, winter jackets, and bags. Competitive advantage - provision of installments for a group of fur and leather goods, cumulative system of discounts, bonus program - a gift for 10% of the purchase price.

Trading plan.

• — One-day turnover – 88,200 rubles.
• — Markup – 32%.
• — Income of the 1st year – 9,567,000 rubles, 2nd year – 12,758,000 rubles.
• — The share of expenses in the profit structure is 6.89%.
• — The profitability of the project is 8.39% of turnover.

Marketing strategy. The facade of the store faces a busy central street with high human traffic; it will have a sign, an information stand describing special offers, announcements of promotions and sales.

10 days before the opening of the store, a massive advertising campaign will be carried out in the media and print publications. On the opening day and for 7 days, advertising brochures and flyers will be distributed at 8 points of the city (intersections of central highways, bus stops) to increase the flow of visitors in the first month of operation.

Opening schedule

In the organizational section, it is imperative to allocate space to the calendar schedule for opening the company, which should include information about the time periods required:

• to draw up a business plan;
• to find suitable areas;
• to undergo the state registration procedure;
• to purchase the necessary equipment;
• for carrying out repair work;
• to recruit the necessary employees.

Having a calendar plan in hand, which outlines each key stage and the deadline for its implementation, allows you to control the entire process. In addition, this will prevent the occurrence of a particular risk or malfunction.

In addition to the start and end time of the implementation of a certain stage, you can describe the necessary resources (this information will be needed to draw up a financial plan).

Example of a restaurant business plan

Project concept. Restaurant of European cuisine for the middle class with 50 seats.

Services map:

• — customer service according to a menu of 85 items;
• — catering for office and home events;
• — banquet service according to a special menu.

Marketing strategy. The target audience of the project is men and women from 25 to 45 years old, with above average income, who are willing to pay for excellent quality, a high level of service and a pleasant atmosphere. Business geography - Central City district, proximity to major cultural and entertainment facilities (theater, cinema, shopping center).

Competition - there are currently 3 restaurants of this level in the area, but they cannot cope with the existing demand (tables are booked several weeks in advance, there are many refusals to hold banquets). Our competitive advantage is an open terrace, a separate banquet hall, and live music.

Production part. A ready-made premises with all the necessary technological and production equipment was selected for the project. To get started you will need:

• - carry out cosmetic repairs to the premises;
• - purchase furniture and dishes;
• — recruit staff;
• — obtain permits, including for retail trade in alcoholic beverages.

Simplified business plan

Let us immediately make a reservation that the presented example of the structure and content of a company’s business plan contains only the most important points:

• Summary.
• Description of services.
• Description of the potential consumer.
• Market analysis.
• Promotion strategy.
• Analysis of seasonal factors.
• Organizational plan.
• Financial plan.
• Analysis of results and prospects.

We do not provide production estimates, since the pneumatic shooting range is a leisure facility.

Summary or introduction

The most important part of the document: contains a thesis statement of all its points.

Description of services

The Fortuna pneumatic shooting range will give clients the opportunity to shoot at targets for money. One shot is equal to 30 rubles, so a visitor, having paid 150 rubles for 5 shots, will have the opportunity to win a prize. The shooting range will also provide the opportunity to fire an unlimited number of shots for 700 rubles per hour per person. Weapons are represented by such specimens as:

• rifles – 6 pcs.;
• pistols – 6 pcs.

Also, in the Fortuna shooting gallery, it will be possible to hold festive events, for example, birthdays, at a fixed price of 5,000 rubles for 3 hours (the number of guests is not limited.)

Ideal client portrait

The ideal client of the Fortuna shooting gallery is a man from 18 to 45 years old who has no bad habits, leads an active lifestyle and, with an average income, prefers to spend money on sports and hobbies, and knows how to interest friends and family. Spending at least 2 hours a week shooting, an ideal client provides the shooting range with an income of 5,600 rubles monthly.

Market analysis

At the moment, there are two shooting ranges in Lipetsk - “Lora” and “Target”. The first establishment does not pose a direct threat, since it is a crossbow and archery shooting range. The Target establishment is located geographically close to us (radius 1 km) and cannot cope with the flow of customers. "Target" is promoted thanks to:

• groups on social networks;
• regular visitor cards;
• SMS mailings;
• word of mouth.

Promotion strategy

The business plan for the Fortuna shooting gallery involves promotion in the following areas:

• maintaining groups on social networks;
• sale of season tickets;
• discounts in honor of holidays and “anniversary” visits;
• design of outdoor advertising;
• printing and distribution of leaflets;
• word of mouth.

Seasonality of business

Since more clients come to the shooting range in the warm season, the structure of the business plan of the Fortuna organization involves calculating the average income: in the summer months the main task is to get maximum profit, in the winter months it is to recoup operating expenses.

Organizational plan

This section presents in detail the structure of the future organization, the distribution of responsibilities, the stages of creating an institution with a time frame, and the expected results of each stage.

Financial business plan

For convenience, the analysis consists of three parts: start-up costs, monthly cost forecast, and revenue forecast.

• One-time investments

• Current expenses (per month)

• Payback period

Considering that already in the first month of operation the establishment can reach the break-even point, i.e. a stable income of 60,000 rubles, for further calculations we will accept the expected income determined by the structure and content of the business plan of this establishment.

Considering that the Fortuna shooting gallery will receive 100,000 rubles per month and 60,000 rubles will be used to cover current expenses, the profit will be 40,000 rubles. Let's calculate how many months the company will be able to recoup the start-up capital: 140,000/40,000 = 3.5.

Taking into account initial costs, we will establish that the company will break even in 4 months.

Expected results and prospects

The structure of the business plan of the Fortuna enterprise, as well as the content of the document, allows us to assert that the construction of a new shooting range in Lipetsk is a promising idea. A positive factor is that the establishment opens at the beginning of summer, so there is a chance to recoup the undertaking in the first season and start working on the plan for the second shooting range.

Example of a business plan for a beauty salon

Summary. Beauty salon "Eva" has been operating in the service sector for 4 years, during which time it has built up a base of regular customers - 12 people per day/360 people per month.

To maintain a competitive advantage, the salon needs to rebrand and consolidate its position in the premium class sector. The goal of the project is to expand the business, organize new jobs for a women's salon hairdresser, cosmetologist, and manicurist.

Investment part. To implement the project it is necessary:

• — purchase new imported equipment, famous brands of which will be used in the marketing campaign;
• — carry out cosmetic repairs of all premises;
• — carry out designer renovation of the main hall;
• — purchase a solarium and equip a room for it.

Sources of financing: additional contribution of participants to the authorized capital of the enterprise + a loan secured by business in the amount of 250,000 rubles. at 24% per annum.

Cost-benefit analysis. The payback period of the project is 28 months, profitability during the payback period is 18%, at the end of the payback period it is 42%.

Financial plan

This part of the business plan is one of the most important, attracting the main attention of potential investors or creditors. It is here that it is determined how interesting the project may be to them in terms of return on investment and income generation. This section characterizes the expected profitability and financial stability of the company, which is also of great importance when assessing the prospects of investing or lending.

When developing a financial plan, the entire range of costs for starting a business and carrying out current activities is taken into account. They include, among other things, the costs of making payments to the franchisor, bank interest, etc. The section must indicate sources of financing, including own funds, attracted funds from investors, bank loans, etc. If necessary, the dynamics of exchange rates should be taken into account.

Given the high importance of the section, it is not surprising that the financial plan contains the largest number of calculations. Here the main indicators are determined, on the basis of which one can draw conclusions about the viability and attractiveness of the project. The basic data that should be reflected in the calculation part include:

• a report on the current financial condition of the company;
• cash flow forecast;
• net present value;
• investment payback period;
• break even;
• profitability index;
• internal rate of return and other indicators.

To calculate indicators, generally accepted methods should be used. For example, the break-even point is calculated using the following formula:

Example of a travel agency business plan

The essence of the project. Creation of a travel agency to provide services for the sale of excursion tours to Europe and the CIS countries.

Project goals. Short-term – to occupy a niche in the city’s tourism services market, to recoup the invested funds. Long-term - to obtain project profitability at the level of 25% per annum, to expand the network of sales of services within the region.

Technological part. To implement the project you will need:

• — office-type premises in the business district of the city, with convenient access roads with an area of ​​up to 25 sq.m;
• - computer, computer programs;
• — 2 highly qualified managers;
• — agreements with tourist operators for the provision of intermediary services;
• — advertising campaign through the Internet, media, public transport, big boards.

The estimated duration of the project is 36 months.

A very interesting and informative article about drawing up a specific business plan is in the section: “Business plan for a clothing store.” How to properly develop a business plan for a game room can be read here >>

Who is a business plan for?

• Firstly, for the head of the enterprise himself, who can assess development opportunities.
• Secondly, for potential lenders and investors who may be interested in a properly developed business plan.
• Thirdly, to obtain funding from the state.

In any case, if compiled correctly, it can bring only positive effects to the organization.

It is important to understand that a business plan is a rather voluminous document, reflecting many aspects of a particular idea. Each object of consideration is connected with all the others; together, they become a kind of strategy, long-term guidance for the compiler.

There are several options for the structure and sections of a business plan. They depend on the field of activity for which the project is being developed. The details of the business plan are also chosen by the developer. For the service industry, this may be a simple project that does not contain some sections. But for large manufacturing enterprises, this should be a detailed and detailed business plan. The choice of methodology for calculating certain indicators may also depend on the tasks.

Example of a car service business plan

Project perspective. There are 170 cars per 1,000 residents of each metropolis; they need to be regularly serviced, spare parts purchased for them, and cared for.

Objective of the project. To occupy a niche in the sector of single service points for servicing cars of all brands and manufacturers.

Geographical analysis. The "Shik" car service will be located near the main city highway; within a radius of 400 meters there are 3 gas stations and 1 garage complex.

Project implementation stages:

• — preparation of documentation for approval by state control authorities;
• — personnel selection;
• — determination of the list of services;
• — purchase of equipment;
• - advertising campaign.

Business processes of the project in the 1st year of implementation:

• — description of contracts for the supply of spare parts and consumables;
• — reduction of overhead costs;
• — expansion of the list of services provided.

Financial analysis of the project. Expenses include: rent of premises, depreciation of fixed assets, salaries of main and support personnel, taxes, payment of interest on the loan (if any). The break-even point of the project is in the load zone of each lift at 65%. Payback period – 16 months.

Organizational section in a business plan

The effectiveness of a business is determined by the quality of its life cycles. The implementation of each of them is carried out under the coordination of management. It will be easier for its representatives to manage personnel, develop production plans and monitor their implementation if an organizational plan of the enterprise has previously been developed. It must display the organization’s management scheme, its staffing, number and mode of operation. You should also indicate plans for the stages of project implementation in terms of orientation to the calendar schedule.

Many entrepreneurs, when developing a business plan, neglect the section on organizing their activities. They may not address these aspects or may scatter the topics covered in this part of the document throughout the plan. This approach is irrational and can cause confusion in the action plan and misunderstanding of what needs to be done, in what time frame, and with what requirements.

Example of a bank business plan

Overview section. The goal of the project is to open a settlement and credit bank, CJSC A-Bank, to serve corporate clients in the North-Eastern region of the region and provide retail financial services to the population.

Project strategy. CJSC A-Bank will provide services to small and medium-sized businesses in the following areas:

• — express lending;
• — loans secured by business, movable and immovable property;
• - RKO;
• — credit lines;
• — overdraft on current accounts.

Services for individuals:

• - customer credit;
• — placement of deposits;
• — maintaining current and savings accounts;
• - credit cards.

After the end of the project's payback period - 8 years, it is planned to develop long-term lending - mortgages. Sources of financing. Issue of shares. Project profitability. 17%

Example of an organizational plan in a business plan

When working on a business plan, theoretical postulates and advice are important, but it is best to turn to ready-made examples. It is thanks to the organizational sections included in the work and well-tested in practice that you can easily write this paragraph, reorienting it to suit yourself and the characteristics of your enterprise. This will help novice entrepreneurs avoid many mistakes and solve the problem of section design, carefully and in detail describing all the subtleties of the structure of an organization of any type.

Example of an organizational plan in a business plan.

Example of a hotel business plan

Description of the project. Hotel "Tourist", category - 4, is located in a quiet area of ​​the city, 20 minutes from the airport, 15 minutes from the historical center and main attractions. This project is designed for 7 years and involves:

• — major reconstruction of the building;
• — arrangement of 95 rooms of three classes - economy, junior suite, luxury;
• — arrangement of a restaurant complex with 45 seats.

The financial analysis. The cost of the project is 1,200,000 rubles, of which 450,000 rubles. attracted through a long-term bank loan. The loan repayment period is 3 years, the interest payback period is 24 months.

Risks. The threat is the activation of intra-industry competitors - dumping with the aim of ousting them from the sector, massive anti-advertising on the Internet.

Pricing. It is planned to establish market prices for the services provided; in addition, regular customers will be provided with discounts on paid services: parking, transfer, translator.

Objectives of the 1st year of the project:

• — tight consolidation in the niche of hotel services;
• — improvement of services;
• — developing regular customers;
• — development of an online service for remote booking of seats.

The best lesson to consolidate the material presented in this article would be to study an example of developing a business plan: “Sample of drawing up a business plan” An example of how to write a business plan can be studied here >>

Business plan structure

Title page

Any business plan begins with the design of a title page , which indicates the name of the project itself, the name of the organization for which it was developed, its location (country, city), telephone numbers, details of the owner and who compiled and developed this document, and the date of creation. Financial indicators can also be included on the title page if the business plan is planned to be shown to potential creditors or investors. Most often, in this case, the payback period, profitability, the need to obtain borrowed funds and their quantity are indicated.

In addition, the cover page may contain information about the privacy policy. As a rule, it indicates the fact that the developed business plan should not be disclosed to third parties.

Summary

After the title page, the first section of the business plan is drawn up - the summary. It contains summarized information. The purpose of this part of the document is to attract the attention of readers, or rather possible investors or creditors. It is the resume that creates the first impression, on which the fate of the project often depends.

This section is a condensed business plan, it reveals the essence and objectives. To compile a resume, use information from all subsequent sections. That is, to write this section, you must first draw up the entire business plan, and only then move on to its summary. Typically a resume displays:

• A concise description of the selected project, main goals and objectives.
• Required resources.
• Methods of implementation.
• Chances of success based on whether the product or service being created is new and relevant to the consumer.
• The amount of financing required, which the owner himself will not be able to undertake.
• Information on the return of borrowed funds to creditors or investors.
• Data on key performance indicators.

It is very important to keep your resume simple, clear and short. The ideal size is 1-2 printed pages.

Setting the goal of the business plan being developed

This section defines a clear and precise goal, describes the activities, products or services produced. It would also be useful to pay attention to the technological processes that will occur. It is very important to highlight the benefits that the consumer will receive from the products and services produced. But it’s not worth going deep into the technical features. It is better to put them separately in the application.

It is important to show that the products will be unique or special. This may be achieved through the development of a completely new technology, a higher level of product quality or low cost. It is worth highlighting ways to improve production or the products themselves.

It is worth paying attention to the presence of copyrights and all kinds of patents. All together, this will give confidence that there will be no invasion of competitors in the market.

Analysis of the selected industry and assessment of the viability of the project in it

This section contains information about how things are going in the selected industry. At the same time, the possibility of working on it is analyzed. In addition, development opportunities are being considered. External factors are also taken into account here, and emphasis is placed on the impact they have on the development and effectiveness of the project. It is important that the business plan is relevant to the current market situation. It is very important to take into account all possible factors, thereby showing that the project can be competitive in any situation.

If this section also indicates potential competitors (names of organizations, their advantages and capabilities) and industry innovations, this will only increase the chances of success. It is also important to draw up a portrait of a potential buyer, identifying in detail which segments of the population will be interested in the product or service.

Assessing an organization's capabilities in a given industry

It is very important to approach this section responsibly, having considered all aspects. A comprehensive analysis should contain the following information:

• Goods and services provided by the organization, areas of activity.
• Information about the organizational and legal form (OLF) of the company, its administrative structure, employees, partners, owners, date of creation.
• Basic financial and economic indicators of the organization.
• Location of the company, including its address, description of the premises, information on the form of ownership.
• Aspects of the selected activity (working hours, seasonality and other information).

Particular attention is paid to this section if it is planned to open a new organization. Then the description should be more detailed. In this case, opportunities for successful development and information about the skills of the future owner are also included here.

The main task of this section is to convince potential lenders or investors that the proposed idea is reliable and has great prospects.

The actual description of the product or service itself

In this section, attention is paid to the most important characteristics of the product for the consumer, as well as its advantage over competitive products on the market. The ideal option would be if a sample or photograph of the finished product is attached to the business plan. You can also add its description and information about technical characteristics. In this case the following are indicated:

• Name of the product or service.
• Direct purpose, possibilities of use.
• Description and list of the most important characteristics.
• Assessing the benefits of a product and its competitiveness.
• Availability of copyright and patent.
• Indication of the need to obtain a license to produce goods or provide services.
• Information about the availability of quality certificates for goods.
• Harmless to humans and the environment.
• Delivery data, designed packaging.
• Availability of guarantees and service.
• Operational information.
• Disposal methods after expiration dates.

Drawing up a marketing plan

After assessing the market and a specific industry and analyzing them, a specific strategy is developed. At the same time, consumption volumes and possible buyers are indicated. Levers of influence on demand are also considered (changing prices, developing an advertising campaign, improving product quality and other methods). Attention is also paid to sales methods, approximate costs, and development of advertising policies.

When indicating possible consumers, the methods of purchase (wholesale, retail, final consumer) are taken into account, as well as their status (legal entities and individuals, as well as the common population).

When considering the possible characteristics of a product, its appearance, tasks performed, cost, shelf life and service life, safety for the consumer and the environment are assessed. It is worthwhile to adhere to the following structure in the section:

• Analysis of potential buyers.
• Competitiveness analysis.
• Analysis of sales opportunities for a product or service.
• Description of the sequence of deliveries from production to the end consumer (this also includes a description of packaging, places and methods of storage, service, forms of sales).
• Ways to attract buyers (this includes various promotions, free testing, exhibitions).

It is very important to justify the relationship between price, quality and profitability.

Often, developing a marketing plan requires enormous effort, because it is a very labor-intensive process. This covers quite complex mechanisms such as methods of advertising, promotion, support, identifying interests, forecasting and much more.

Drawing up a production plan

This section focuses on production and other work processes. Included here is information about the various premises used, equipment, and personnel involved in the work. In addition, the production plan also contains a detailed consideration of ways to increase or decrease the volume of production of a product or provision of a service.

If the business plan includes information about setting up production, then the sequence of the production process is also prescribed, starting with the costs used and ending with the system for producing goods. In short, all the nuances are taken into account.

If a partner takes over part of the processes, then you need to provide information about him, the cost of the services provided, their volume, as well as the grounds for concluding a contract with this particular company. Moreover, if the contractor provides equipment or some raw materials, information about each item is indicated. Calculations of costs and benefits are also provided.

In addition, the cost of the product or service provided must be calculated, an estimate drawn up, variables (depending on production volumes and other factors) and fixed costs determined. In general, you can structure the section as follows:

• Information about the enterprise from a production point of view (development of systems, including engineering, transport, resource systems).
• Description of the selected technology, as well as justification for the choice made.
• The need to purchase or rent premises for production.
• The need for personnel, indicating their qualifications, skills, number, and area of ​​activity.
• Factual evidence of the safety of production and the final product for people and the environment.
• Description of the required production capacity (including those available).
• Description of the necessary equipment, their characteristics, general information.
• Description of the necessary resource and raw material support.
• Consideration of all possible suppliers, contract terms, selection of subcontractors.
• Calculation of the approximate cost of all manufactured goods or services provided.
• Drawing up an estimate of current costs.
• Conducting an analysis of the product cost structure.

Organizational plan

This section contains information about various laws, regulations and documents that you need to pay attention to when drawing up a business plan. In addition, a schedule for the implementation of the selected project is drawn up, with a detailed description of the timing and procedures performed.

Financial plan

It is best to display the following documents and information in this section:

• Annual plan of expenses and income.
• Calculation of implementation deadlines (details outlining the first year on a monthly basis).
• Plan for the movement of financial assets and cash.
• Approximate balance for the first year.
• Break-even analysis (with consideration of prospects, schedule, finding the break-even point).

In addition, possible investment investments (leasing, lending, etc.) are also displayed. Here the sources are examined in detail, the possibility of obtaining investments is assessed, and the profitability of their use is calculated. In addition, the repayment terms of all debts are discussed in detail.

At the end of the section, an analysis of the effectiveness of this business plan is required. For the calculation, any of the methods can be used, for example, one of the methods of project analysis or FCD analysis (financial and economic activity). At the same time, profitability is calculated, as well as the financial stability of the project under development and many other indicators.

The structure of this section may look like this:

• Annual profit and loss report.
• Structure of tax deductions.
• Financial flow plan for the first year.
• Planned balance of the first year.
• The need for investment.
• Necessary costs associated with the use of borrowed funds.
• Analysis of the effectiveness of the entire business plan based on the chosen methodology.

Review and analysis of possible risks

Any project along its path encounters various problems and difficulties that may call into question the implementation of the project or its effectiveness. Therefore, special attention is paid to identifying possible risks, their assessment, and ways to eliminate them. Therefore, a competent financier pays special attention to this section. It develops various strategies to overcome difficulties. It is very important to determine the degree of each risk. Any of them must be justified and objectively assessed.

It is worth considering the development of alternative strategies to help compensate for possible losses. As the saying goes, “forewarned is forearmed.” In this case, you can use various techniques, including quantitative and SWOT analysis.

If we consider quantitative analysis, we can talk about calculating not only risk factors, but also about calculating possible losses. Various techniques can also be used here (expert, statistical and others).

Consideration of all risks and their minimization can become a guarantee for potential partners. The most significant of them:

• Guarantees from authorities at various levels (local, regional, federal).
• Insurance.
• Availability of collateral.
• Bank guarantees.
• Possibility of transfer of rights.
• Finished product guarantees.

Applications

The last section may contain various information. Thus, it may include documents referenced in the main sections. It could be:

• Copies of licenses, contracts.
• Confirmation of the reliability of the initial parameters.
• Price lists from possible suppliers.
• Tabular calculations of various financial indicators, which were made in order not to clutter the project itself with calculations.

Example of a coffee shop business plan

Objective of the project. Creating a cozy place for a coffee shop to hang out for young people aged 18 to 30 years. Production part. The hall of the Aromat coffee shop has a capacity of 25 seats + a terrace with 10 seats (in summer).

The menu includes a classic coffee list with 12 items, 25 types of fresh pastries and desserts, 4 types of salad.

Necessary technological equipment:

• - coffee grinder;
• - coffee maker;
• - mixer;
• - blender;
• — 2 refrigerators;
• - refrigeration showcase;
• - cooking stand;
• - cash machine.

Personnel: hall manager - rate, 2 cooks with a shift schedule, bartender, 2 waiters, cleaning lady, accountant - outsourcing is recommended.

Investments.

• — Renting premises/purchasing the necessary real estate;
• — Hall renovation;
• — Purchase of equipment, furniture;
• — Cash register software;
• — External signs, internal navigation, stands;
• - Dishes;
• — Salary for the first month of work.

The payback period of the project is 12 months, profitability is 55%.

Company structure

The structure of a business entity refers to its divisions that form the hierarchy of employees in the company. The business plan must show the number of employees in each department, their subordination and functional responsibilities. You should also indicate who has control over the employees of the departments and their management, as well as the procedure for interaction between departments.

The content of the section should provide solutions to issues of cooperation between all project participants. An entrepreneur needs to think about the conditions under which the company will function optimally, ensuring minimal costs while producing products that meet regulatory quality requirements. A business representative also needs to provide for activity parameters that make it possible to improve production and expand the range of labor results.

Formation of an organizational plan in a business plan

When the topic of enterprise structuring is revealed, the responsibility of each employee becomes clear for fulfilling the tasks assigned to them, as well as for monitoring and ensuring communication between employees and structural divisions. If adjustments are allowed in other sections of the business plan, then changing the structure of a business entity is often unacceptable, since the change in this information is due to adjustments to the local acts of the enterprise, some of which require approval from authorized bodies.

Some entrepreneurs, for personal convenience, display the organizational structure of an enterprise in a document in the form of a diagram or graph, which is possible in office documents, using specialized software or an online application. The diagram should clearly indicate which positions are included in the staffing table. Each of them must correspond to a specific business function.

Example of a hair salon business plan

Summary. This project was created to attract a private investor to open a hairdressing salon “Style” in a residential area of ​​the city. The target audience is city residents with average incomes.

The total cost of the project is 380,000 rubles. Payback period – 1 year.

Market analysis. There are 4 beauty salons in the city, but their pricing policy and range of elite services are aimed at attracting wealthy clients; they will not compete with our project, because work in a different segment. There are 7 small hairdressing salons in adjacent residential areas, but due to passive advertising they can only compete indirectly with the project.

Description of services:

• - a haircut;
• - hair coloring;
• - styling;
• - chemical perm.

In the future, it is planned to organize a workplace for a manicurist and pedicurist.

Organizational plan:

• — renovation of the premises;
• — purchase of equipment;
• — concluding contracts for the supply of consumables;
• — personnel selection;
• — carrying out an advertising campaign.

The project assumes a stable percentage of profitability with a quick return on investment.

Organizational plan

In organizational terms, the system and principles of company management are being worked out. For existing companies, the characteristics of the existing management system are described, as well as, if necessary, measures to improve it.

This section indicates the organizational and legal form of the company, its location, gives characteristics to managers, describes work with personnel, etc. The structure of the company, as a rule, is presented in schematic form, reflecting the relationships between individual divisions.

Example of a business plan for a tourist center

Objective of the project. Opening of the Lesnaya tourist center in an ecologically clean area to provide services to the population. Concept. The main idea of ​​the project is to organize active family recreation. The project includes:

• — rental of an abandoned recreation center;
• — coordination of project documentation with state supervision authorities;
• — construction of an autonomous mini-power plant;
• — reconstruction of the territory and repair of houses;
• — repair of the catering unit.

Competitive advantage. The camp site will provide a range of services for organizing active recreation - trips to the chalk mountains in an excursion jeep, rafting on a mountain river, hiking trails in a protected area.

Organizational plan. Since the operating season of the tourist center will coincide with the summer holidays, the main staff will be students of specialized specialties: tourism, non-production management. Diplomas will be required for medical personnel and cooks.

Payback period – 2 seasons.

Beginners and experienced entrepreneurs will benefit from reading this extensive and informative article: “How to Create a Workable Business Plan for a Small Business.” You can read about what literature you need to use when writing a business plan here >>

Production plan

The section is devoted to measures and decisions to create production of products necessary for the implementation of the project. This part is included in the business plan if the company or entrepreneur plans to conduct production activities.

The following indicators and information must be indicated in this section:

• the required level of production capacity to achieve the goals formulated in the business plan;
• description of the technological process;
• equipment and technical means necessary for production;
• method of purchasing or leasing equipment;
• required area of ​​production premises;
• a list of production operations that are outsourced to subcontractors and a description of these operations;
• list of subcontractors and their characteristics;
• providing production with raw materials and supplies for manufacturing products.

When starting a franchise business, production is usually organized in accordance with the requirements of the franchisor. Often, the franchise owner also provides the franchisee with equipment, supplies raw materials, or provides a supplier base for the operation. In this regard, the production plan, like the marketing plan, is usually developed in close conjunction with the franchisor.

Example of a business plan for a photography studio

Objective of the project. Creation of a photo studio for stationary and on-site filming, provision of design development services for corporate clients. Project task. Conquer 10% of the city’s photo services segment in 12 months. Implementation deadlines. Preparatory stage – 1 month:

• — Rent and renovation of premises;
• — Purchase of equipment;
• — Personnel selection;
• - Advertising.

Return on investment – ​​starting from the 5th month of project implementation.

Market analysis. The city has 12 photo studios (documentary photography), 2 salons (staged photography), 2 advertising agencies (design development, corporate style).

Competitive advantage - the Lens photo studio will provide a full range of photo services, including image advertising and portfolio creation, the highlight of the project is the involvement of qualified stylists to create images for individual photography, high-quality photo processing on modern equipment.

Payback period – 16 months.

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Why do you need a business plan?

Surely it will not be difficult for you to name the main functions of a business plan: it is an indispensable aid to an entrepreneur in compiling a list of goods and services to be sold, in selecting a strategy, and in monitoring personnel. This document is also important in order to determine where support can be found - be it a sponsorship or a helping hand from a partner. But what does a business plan include and what points should be considered the most important? Let's look at an example - we will give the calculations necessary to open a pneumatic shooting range.