What is a tender? Types, preparation and conduct of tenders

Despite the fact that the term “tender” (from the English tender – “offer”) is widely used in Russian business, there is no such definition in legislation. According to the definition from economists, a tender refers to competitive bidding of an open or closed type, as well as a competitive form of placing an order. A similar definition in Russian legislation is used for bidding. Bidding in the Civil Code can be understood as competitions and auctions. But tenders also include other methods of selecting a supplier for concluding a contract.

Dear readers! To solve your specific problem, call the hotline or visit the website. It's free.

8 (800) 350-31-84

State and municipal customers, as well as commercial organizations, have the right to organize tenders. Tender procurement is aimed at signing a contract with the contractor on the most optimal terms for the customer, in particular, at a favorable cost. For procurement participants, tenders provide the opportunity to participate in tenders on the principles of free competition.

What is a tender in simple words?

The word “tender” is translated into Russian as “offer”. The term itself is not enshrined in the legislation of the Russian Federation; instead, “bidding,” “competition,” and “auction” are used. However, the word itself is very firmly entrenched in the business environment.

A tender is a procedure for selecting performers based on the principle of competition. The purpose is the purchase of goods, works and services. The result is the conclusion of a contract between the customer and the contractor on the most favorable terms for both parties.

Participation in tenders is regulated by several regulatory documents. The main ones are:

1. Civil Code of the Russian Federation: explains the procedure for conducting all types of auctions, except those where the participants are state and municipal authorities.
2. Law No. 44-FZ “On the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs”: regulates the holding of tenders in which the organizers are state and municipal authorities.
3. Law No. 223-FZ “On the procurement of goods, works, services by certain types of legal entities”: determines the holding of tenders for state corporations and institutions, natural monopolies, state and municipal unitary enterprises, autonomous institutions, business and subsidiary companies in the authorized capital of which the share of participation of the Russian Federation or a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the aggregate exceeds 50%.

Preparation for the tender on the part of the contractor

If we are talking about a participant in a procurement event, then after selecting the tender or procurement in which he plans to participate, he will need to provide a package of documents confirming his right to participate in such an event. This requirement is formulated in the current legislation both for state and municipal customers, and for commercial organizations conducting procurement in accordance with their requirements.

The main documents that will need to be prepared include:

• statutory documents in the form of certified copies , which will confirm the right of the potential contractor under the contract to participate in a specific procedure;
• a declaration or other documents confirming the potential contractor’s compliance with the requirements of current legislation , as well as those requirements that are formulated in the procurement documentation;
• upon delivery of goods, you will need to provide documents confirming that they have passed the certification procedure (if such a procedure is mandatory), as well as the country of origin (if the customer establishes requirements for a specific country of origin of the goods);
• if the purchased work or services must be performed by qualified personnel, the potential contractor must provide documents on the qualifications of its personnel , as well as, if necessary, on the availability of licenses for certain employees to carry out any actions (for example, on the availability of a security guard license for an employee who will perform physical security of the customer’s facility);
• if certain work is to be performed that requires special equipment, then you will need to provide documents confirming that such equipment is owned or leased by the potential contractor.

The generated package of documents will need to be attached to the application for participation in the tender or purchase.

What types of tenders are there?

Tenders are divided into 3 types: state (according to 44-FZ), corporate (according to 223-FZ) and commercial .

It is better for a novice participant to start with government tenders (government procurement). This has several advantages. Strict conditions apply here, requirements for participants are collected in a standard list, payment terms for the fulfillment of obligations are determined, and a standard set of information and documents that must be provided in your application is determined. All this greatly simplifies the participation procedure.

After gaining experience in procurement under 44-FZ, you can try your hand at tenders under 223-FZ or commercial tenders. It is not recommended to start with them due to the complexity of the procedures. It will take time to understand them and a certain skill that is acquired during participation in procurement under 44-FZ (state).

Depending on the nature of the tenders, there are competitive and non-competitive . Competitive include :

1. Competition (open competition, competition with limited participation, two-stage competition, closed competition, closed competition with limited participation, closed two-stage competition).
2. Electronic auction.
3. Request for quotations is the simplest and fastest procurement procedure.
4. Request for proposals.

All of these procedures are called competitive. Non -competitive purchases include purchases from a single supplier; they are carried out in accordance with the provisions of Art. 93 44-FZ.

Tenders can be conducted both in paper and electronic form. According to clause 2 of Article 24 of 44-FZ, electronic procedures include an open tender, a tender with limited participation, a two-stage tender, an electronic auction, a request for quotations, and a request for proposals. Most tenders are currently conducted electronically.

Each of the listed tenders has its own rules. The customer has the right to choose the method of determining the contractor.

Concept and regulation

The concept of “tender” is not defined by law. In practice, this term has actively entered economic life and firmly established itself there. It involves competitive bidding, during which the customer finds the most acceptable proposals for the supply of goods, performance of work, and provision of services.

In simple terms, a tender is a competitive selection of the best proposals for the customer.

Tenders operate in the procurement area, which is clearly regulated by federal laws No. 44 of 04/05/2013 (44-FZ) and No. 223 of 07/18/2011 (223-FZ).

1. State organizations, budgetary and municipal institutions, as well as individuals, including registered individual entrepreneurs, take part in state tenders under 44-FZ.
2. When selecting contractors for major repairs, for example, of an apartment building, the tender is carried out under the terms of PP No. 615 dated July 1, 2016.
3. Tenders under 223-FZ are carried out by individual legal entities that are partially owned by the state, whose activities are regulated, or which are classified as natural monopolies.
4. Any non-state companies hold commercial tenders, during which purchases are carried out under the terms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Federal Law No. 135 of July 26, 2006.

For the customer, the stages of the tender are directly dependent on the chosen form of procurement.

But in any case, this process consists of:

1. Creation of a contract service.
2. Procurement planning.
3. Drawing up and posting procurement documentation.
4. The actual holding of the tender, which consists of the selection of received applications for participation in the procurement process by the procurement commission. All applications that violate the deadlines for submitting applications will be rejected.
5. Determination of the winner, which consists of drawing up and posting in the public domain the final protocol. It names the participant who made the best offer.
6. Signing a government contract with the winner. At the final stage, a government contract is signed with the winning bidder, during which the customer draws up a draft contract based on the procurement documentation and the winner’s proposal and sends it to the supplier. After this, the supplier signs the contract, followed by the customer.

For the supplier, the stages of the tender include:

1. Preparation of documents.
2. Receiving an electronic signature.
3. Accreditation.
4. Preparation of computer software.
5. Study of procurement documentation.
6. Depositing cash collateral.
7. Direct participation in tenders, which involves preparing and submitting an application for participation in the tender within a certain period.
8. Acquaintance with the final protocol of the auction.
9. The signing of a contract, which occurs if this participant is the winner.

Winning a tender means that the winner receives the right to supply goods, carry out work or provide services in strict accordance with the conditions previously stated in the tender documentation and within the established time frame.

In this case, the winner must:

• conclude a government contract;
• perform it properly;
• for participation in the tender, pay the operator of the trading platform the agreed amount, which should not exceed 3,000 rubles.

Where to look for tenders for free?

The most popular free service for searching for procurement is the Unified Information System ( zakupki.gov.ru ) . Information about events under 44-FZ and 223-FZ is posted here. Using an advanced search, it’s easy to find a tender that’s interesting to you, study the documentation on it, and participate.

Look for applications in your area of ​​interest. Enter keywords into the search bar, this will help you understand whether there is a demand for these goods, works, services, and whether these keys are found in customer documentation.

Analyze the information found: how often are the procedures for purchasing your products, for what amounts, who wins, etc. This will help assess the profitability of participation in procurement.

You can monitor the market only throughout Russia, but also specifically in your region. For beginners, it is easier to organize delivery at their place of residence than to remote regions.

If your product belongs to a rare category, then the likelihood of earning money in the tender is low. Try to consider related and more profitable niches. This is called fan participation. You can participate in several niches at once. It is most profitable to choose the delivery of goods. There is no need to provide all kinds of licenses and permits, and the profit (margin) can reach up to 50%.

In addition to the site zakupki.gov.ru, free (or shareware) search services include:

• Synapsenet;
• Navodki.ru;
• Z-monitor.ru.

You can search for free information about procurement directly on the “federal” electronic trading platforms themselves. There are currently eight of them:

• Sberbank AST (sberbank-ast.ru);
• State tender platform Roseltorg (roseltorg.ru);
• Electronic trading platform RTS tender (rts-tender.ru);
• ETP TEK-Torg (tektorg.ru);
• ETP GPB Electronic trading platform of Gazprombank (etpgpb.ru);
• MICEX - National Electronic Platform (etp-ets.ru);
• Electronic trading platform Order of the Russian Federation (zakazrf.ru);
• Russian auction house (lot-online.ru).

Accreditation at sites

If we talk about procurements carried out in the interests of state and municipal customers, then accreditation of participants in such procurements will be carried out automatically after confirming their accounts in the Unified Information System and the Unified Register of Procurement Participants. To obtain accreditation on trading platforms, it is enough to send an application to the platform operator, which is processed within one day from the date of receipt.

If we are talking about accreditation of a potential contractor under a contract concluded with a commercial organization, then such a contractor will need to send an application to the site operator with documents confirming information about the legal entity.

Such documents should be considered a copy of the Extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (or from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs), a copy of the statutory documents, and to obtain the authority of the head of the organization - a copy of the extract from the order appointing one, and also send documents on the availability of certificates electronic digital signatures in a simple and qualified form.

When the listed documents are received by the operator of the electronic trading platform in the form of electronic documents, within one working day he will accredit the participant in the tender and procurement procedures on the site.

The accreditation procedure is simplified if the potential contract executor previously took part in procedures carried out by state and municipal customers and is included in the ERUZ.

In this case, there will be no need to upload documents: only an application for confirmation of accreditation will be sufficient, since all data will be received from the ERUZ.

What is needed to participate in tenders?

To start participating in tenders, you do not need to produce or have in stock any product that you intend to offer to the customer, nor do you need to have a lot of money. You can purchase the goods after you win the procedure and sign a contract to fulfill your obligations. Most often, under the contract, you will have up to 1 month for delivery. You can agree with the manufacturer to deliver the goods to the customer’s address.

The simplest and most understandable procedure is an electronic auction, where the determining criterion is price. Here you don’t need to have much experience, just register along with experienced participants and offer your price. If it suits the purchase organizer, then you win. You can approach participation in 2 ways:

1. Participation in one niche;
2. Participation in several niches (fan participation).

Fan participation is suitable for those who do not have a working business. Participating in several niches at once will increase the likelihood of winning.

The more you want to earn, the more applications you need to submit, improve the level of your knowledge, skills and abilities. Your income will depend on yourself.

The advantage of purchasing is that it can be combined with your other activities and work from home. It only takes a few hours a day to participate.

The largest number of purchases is carried out from September to the end of the year. Calm weather is usually observed in January–February.

How does the tender work?

So, by and large, we don’t have tenders. Everyone who practices this sales format participates in competitions, auctions, trades... But no matter what they call it, there are a number of characteristic features that distinguish this version of business relations from others:

• the buyer states his conditions in strict form;
• they compete for the contract;
• the whole process takes place in accordance with a certain procedure.

An entrepreneur should understand tenders, if only because they provide an opportunity to get new clients. And this may not only be of interest to those who are targeting buyers financed from budget funds. Many commercial organizations and companies find suppliers through tenders.

Why are tenders held? Actually, this combines the desire to get the most from the supplier on the buyer’s side and the regulation of the entire procedure. Government agencies organize competitions and auctions because this is required by law. This format assumes that they will save budget money by finding the cheapest and most profitable supplier in this way. The same thing drives commercial organizations.

And here it is worth understanding that the seller who wins the tender will not always be in an advantageous position. This is based on several points:

It is important to know! A catalog of franchises has opened on our website! Go to catalog...

• It is necessary to offer the lowest price among the participants, perhaps even unreasonably low.
• The terms of the contract will have to be fulfilled even when it is not economically profitable for the supplier or contractor. For example, in the event of an increase in the cost of materials, components, energy resources, etc., associated with inflationary processes or an increase in exchange rates, the final product will have to be sold to the contract holder at the price established by the tender. Sometimes even at a loss.
• Winning a tender requires lengthy preparation and the strictest possible adherence to established rules for the preparation of documents. In addition, the process of working on sites where competitions are held has a number of nuances, and in order to fully comply with them, an entrepreneur needs to spend certain expenses, for example, purchasing an electronic signature.

Advice : when starting to work with tenders, do not try to immediately go for large and long-term deals, this is a completely different level than the opportunity to earn money on Steam. Do not forget that refusal of a contract or its failure to perform in full may lead to unpleasant consequences in the form of compensation to the buyer, compensation for damage or lost profits, inclusion of the supplier in the register of unscrupulous ones, and the like.

How to make money on tenders, and what methods exist?

Let's look at how else a beginner can make money on the topic of tenders. Conventionally, 6 earning models can be distinguished. The first 3 are suitable for those who want, but do not have the opportunity to participate in the procedures. The essence of these models is based on tender topics. Models 4-6 are for those who are serious.

Model No. 1. Search and distribution of tenders

The essence of this type of earnings is to provide services to large companies in selecting events for their products and sending them to their email. Many search services now provide such assistance, but unlike them, your selection will be more detailed and suitable specifically for this organization.

The method is suitable for students, mothers on maternity leave, schoolchildren and those looking for a small additional income. To do this, it is enough to have the Internet, a computer, free time, access to a paid service for searching tenders: Tenderplan, TenderWIN, Seldon, Zakupki360. You will need to spend 2-3 thousand rubles on them. per month. It is necessary to correctly configure the filters, analyze the results, and check all conditions. Each service has a free trial period (from 2-3 days to several weeks).

Unfortunately, earnings here will be low, only 1-2 thousand rubles. per month. You can earn more, but to do this you need to include analytics in your newsletter and have at least 5-10 organizations as clients.

Model No. 2. Advertising and promotion of tender services

There are a lot of government procurements. In addition to participation, there are a lot of related areas: issuing digital signatures, bank guarantees that are used to secure applications, financial services (tender loans, credits, factoring).

To work, you will need to register on tender support services, aggregator sites for searching tenders (for example, Tenderplan, TenderWIN), on sites where you can open a special account, on online accounting services, for example “My Business”. Your remuneration will consist of promoting services on the Internet and attracting customers.

Some services pay 10-30% of the order or set a fixed fee.

Advertising is a complex business and requires learning. No one will take advertising head-on; you need to gain mastery of native advertising, master the principles of Internet marketing and the basics of promotion on social networks.

Model No. 3. Content management

This is an income from the ability to write selling texts. The topic of procurement is in great demand, and the owners of thematic resources attract authors to write content and SMM managers. This craft also needs to be learned, to comprehend the basics of information style.

Copywriting in this area brings in earnings of 80-250 rubles/1000 characters. For a month of supporting a group on a social network, you will receive 15 thousand rubles.

To offer your services and find a client, you need to create a competent resume and contact the owner of the resource or public page on a social network. For this purpose, freelance and copywriting exchanges have been created: Work-zilla, Kwork, Fl, Contentmonster, Etxt.

To realize yourself as a good specialist, you need to understand the topic of government procurement, or be able to search for information on the Internet and analyze it.

Model No. 4. Tender support

This type of earnings will require in-depth knowledge of procurement, specialized education, participation in the government procurement exchange gzex.ru, and self-promotion on social networks.

The method is suitable for both legal entities and individuals. You can earn money by drawing up the first part of the application (Form 2). Services for legal and financial support and remote participation in auctions are in demand.

You can provide assistance with payment for results. That is, you are paid only if you successfully complete the application or win the procedure.

Your income will depend on the status in which you provide services (individual or legal entity), and on the region (in large cities, such as Moscow and St. Petersburg, the price tag will be higher than in the regions). You can earn from 15 thousand rubles with this scheme. and above, there is no limit.

Model No. 5. Mediation and subcontracting

This income is chosen by those who do not want to participate in tenders, but are specialists in their field (construction, electrical, tree cutting services, etc.). They act as intermediaries between contractors and suppliers, or as subcontractors for the winners.

In these cases, it is necessary to find contacts of the winning organization and offer your services for delivery or work.

The winning participants can be found on the EIS website: zakupki.gov. And on paid analytics services: findtenders.ru, filetender.ru, tenderguru.ru, gosbase.ru.

Earnings under this model are negotiable.

Model No. 6. Independent participation in tenders

To do this, you need to participate in procurement for the supply of products and performance of work (services). Conventionally, three formats can be distinguished: independent participation (participation of a company employee), hiring a tender specialist, attracting companies for tender support (outsourcing).

You should not use escort services if you yourself have not fully understood this topic, because you will not be able to control the quality of the service provided.

You can participate in one niche or several. There is no limit to your earnings, it all depends on your requests, desires, knowledge, practical experience, and the number of applications submitted.

To work according to this model, you will need the availability of funds for interim measures and to fulfill obligations. You must be registered as an individual entrepreneur/LLC. Be able to search for purchases, know goods and services.

“Symptoms” of contractual tenders - how to distinguish such proposals?

Here you need to take into account one feature of that part of the domestic business where budget organizations act as customers. All their activities have been transferred to the procurement rails, squeezed into the strict framework of the procedure. Any of the applicants who correctly fill out the application and documents and also offer the lowest price can win the contract.

But what about the other components? For example, the ability and ability of the supplier to respond to the buyer’s urgent wishes in terms of timing, flexibility, and some other nuances of making deliveries? Very often, a buyer who has already worked with a certain supplier wants the contract to go to him. After all, it has already been time-tested and fully suits all parameters... But in a situation with a tender, this is absolutely not necessary. The contract may have to be concluded with some unknown (for the customer) organization, which is still a dark horse, and working with it will not always be comfortable. That is, winning a tender based on the pricing platform does not guarantee the buyer its performance in other parts. In addition, he has no confidence that the supplier will be able to fully comply with the conditions preferred by the customer.

That is why in practice there are such contractual tenders, when the buyer, by all means and cleverly placed commas, creates such formal conditions that purposefully make it difficult for other participants to obtain a contract that have not received approval in advance. And this approach does not always indicate a corruption background, that is, roughly speaking, bribes, kickbacks and the like. Although you shouldn’t participate in such a tender either, unless your company is the one that received the preliminary “go-ahead”.

So, how can you recognize a tender where the parties have already obviously reached an agreement, and its conduct itself is a formality?

How to take part in the tender?

Independent participation in procurement is the most popular type of income in this area. It has its own characteristics. So, how to participate in the procurement? Let's look at the sequence of actions.

Niche analysis

To search for information, use the capabilities of the EIS website: zakupki.gov.ru. Find tenders in which you would like to participate, analyze: how many were held in a particular region, who won.

Please note that some purchases are seasonal. Determine the circle of customers, determine the object of purchase, using the OKPD2 classifier.

Use advanced search. An in-depth analysis, which is available on the Tenderplan website or other search service with an analytics module, helps to conduct the research.

Study of the regulatory framework

Knowledge of 44-FZ is an integral part of participation in ongoing events. Regulatory legal acts on tender topics are posted on the EIS website in the “Documents” section, they should be studied.

There is no need to memorize laws and regulations; it is enough to learn to navigate them freely and find the points that interest you.

Preparation for participation

It is best to participate as an individual entrepreneur or LLC. Remember that for individual entrepreneurs the list of documentation provided is much smaller and simpler. Decide on the organizational and legal form, taxation system (the simplified tax system is best for performing work and services - 6%, for the supply of goods choose the “income minus expenses” system). Issue an electronic digital signature (EDS), open a special account in an authorized bank.

A special account will be required for interaction between the bank and the electronic platform. It is where funds are blocked and unblocked. This is a protective measure for the customer. The application security is deposited into a special account and remains there until the outcome of the purchase is determined.

The service for opening a special account is provided by 21 banks accredited for this procedure. The current list of banks can always be found on the Internet. You can also read our detailed article on this topic.

It is also necessary to have an electronic enhanced digital signature (EDS) qualified for participation in government procurement. It is issued only by accredited certification centers. A current list of certification centers can be found on the Internet. After purchasing an electronic digital signature, you must install it on your PC and make the appropriate browser settings.

Participation in tenders

If you have gone through all the above stages, you can begin to select interesting purchases and take part in them. All of them are presented on the EIS website. For a novice participant, this portal will be enough.

For participation to be most effective, you need to constantly monitor information and actively use analytics.

"Hu from xy", or what constitutes a tender

What a tender is can be learned from the literal interpretation of this word. In English, “tender” is translated as “bargaining” or “competition.” In other words, this concept implies holding some kind of conditional competition between suppliers of goods and services in order to attract the most promising customers. Moreover, this competition takes place taking into account the rules specified in the regulations of the company organizing it.

How to register on electronic platforms to participate in tenders?

There is no need to register specifically on “federal” electronic trading platforms. All you need is registration on the EIS website. You will need to scan the documents required for this. Individual entrepreneurs and LLCs have their own registration features.

The EIS transmits information to electronic trading platforms, after which automatic authorization occurs on each of them.

Currently there are eight “federal” ETPs:

• Sberbank AST (sberbank-ast.ru);
• State tender platform Roseltorg (roseltorg.ru);
• Electronic trading platform RTS tender (rts-tender.ru);
• ETP TEK-Torg (tektorg.ru);
• ETP GPB Electronic trading platform of Gazprombank (etpgpb.ru);
• MICEX - National Electronic Platform (etp-ets.ru);
• Electronic trading platform Order of the Russian Federation (zakazrf.ru);
• Russian auction house (lot-online.ru).

All auctions are held on them. There is another specialized ETP (AST GOZ), but this is a separate topic for conversation, and beginner participants do not need it.

Software preparation

In order for participation in tenders and procurement events to take place, a participant in such events may need to install a number of special software products. One of these is “Crypto Pro” (in the latest available versions). This software is used for the full functioning of electronic digital signatures on all electronic platforms, as well as in the Unified Information System.

Some electronic trading platforms require the installation of special software. The presence of such security is indicated, as a rule, in the materials of the User’s Guide of a particular electronic trading platform. For this reason, it is necessary to first become familiar with the site work requirements. If software is required, it must be downloaded and installed on the computer from which work will be carried out on the ETP.

If you install the software on multiple computers, additional activation fees may apply. In this case, you should also either read the User Guide or seek advice from the support service of a specific electronic trading platform.

How to win a tender?

What is needed for effective results in tenders?

1. Understand that participation in procurement is an additional area of ​​sales and promotion of your business. Learn to use this tool so that it benefits your business rather than harms it.
2. Develop an entrepreneurial mindset. Procurement is a lot of stress; it requires a lot of time and effort, and certain skills (negotiate, work with analytics, calculate profitability, anticipate risks, etc.).
3. Study the theoretical basis - this is 44-FZ and 223-FZ. There is no need to memorize, but simply understand the laws and navigate them freely, so that if questions arise, you know which article to turn to and clarify the point.

Also, as part of the study of 44-FZ and 223-FZ, we offer mind maps, which you can find here. With them, the learning process will become easier and clearer.

1. Develop practical skills: searching for information, calculating profitability, market analysis, preparing documentation, participating in electronic procedures, working with customers, logistics, searching for investments, etc.
2. Availability of the necessary tools: a valid individual entrepreneur/LLC, the presence of an electronic signature, registration with State Services, in the Unified Information System, authorization on electronic platforms, the presence of a special account, a configured computer, Internet access, financial reserves, a scanner, a printer, a copier or a 3-in-1 MFP.
3. Use fan participation, i.e. in several niches at once. This is suitable for those who are not rigidly tied to one direction. Start from the needs of customers, look for a product and offer it. You can work in the opposite direction: find interesting manufacturers and look for purchases for their products. The skill of working in both schemes is called strategy.
4. Analyze your results. Create tables, diagrams and track the effectiveness of your participation in procurement. Summarize and draw conclusions.
5. Develop. At the beginning of your journey, there is no point in attracting employees. Immerse yourself in tender sales yourself, study the process personally. Only after understanding it can you move on to business automation. Work on quality, not quantity.
6. Improve your qualifications. The law is a living organism, it is constantly changing, so it is necessary to constantly monitor the relevance of the standards. It makes sense to undergo training yourself, or if you have staff, then send them for training. This can be done here.
7. Increase productivity (conversion). A good indicator would be if you participate in 10 purchases and win 2-4 of them (20-40%). To draw any conclusions, it is not enough to participate in 2-3 purchases; try your hand at 10-20 purchases.

How is the bidding carried out?

Before the tender itself, a number of preparatory activities take place to help protect the safety of all bidders. In particular, the customer company assembles an independent commission, whose members have the necessary knowledge to analyze the subject or object participating in the tender. They help control all stages of the auction.

Further information about the upcoming auction, taking into account the package of documents required for participation, appears in the media and on electronic platforms. At the same time, everyone submits applications, each of which is reviewed and entered into a single list of participants and a special journal. Afterwards, all potential applicants are registered and their proposals are considered. Based on the results of the auction, the winner is announced, whose name is also included in public sources.

About free tenders

Today, free tenders are very popular, because the information is available to everyone, and the conditions for participation are quite simple and do not imply special registration, the presence of additional parameters and additional investment of funds. Such competitions are often called simplified tenders. These simple requirements are beneficial to both the customer and other participants in the process.

A huge advantage of such competitions is that you can very easily find information about them both online and in print publications. But from this plus comes a minus of this type, because the performers have increased competition among themselves due to the huge number of them. And the customer only benefits from this, since he has a greater chance of saving on the contract and getting what he wants at the lowest price.

Documents for participation in tenders and requirements for them

Collection and proper execution of documents not only allows the customer to study the proposal of a potential counterparty and information about it, but also increases the supplier’s chances of concluding the desired contract. The selection of a supplier is carried out precisely on the basis of the documents provided, so their correct completion is the key to a positive decision based on the results of the tender.

For each method of identifying suppliers, the legislator requires the submission of a certain package of documents. Participation in an open competition is possible if suppliers provide the following documents:

• containing information about the contractor - this is a complete package of constituent documents, an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities and the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs, respectively, received no later than 1 month and documents confirming the right of a specific employee to submit them;
• commercial proposal containing information about the object of purchase and the conditions offered by the potential supplier;
• confirmation of the quality of the goods supplied, as well as the services and work provided, confirmed by relevant certificates and other documents (provided at the customer’s request);
• interim measures, which can be expressed in the transfer of a certain amount to the customer’s account or the provision of a bank guarantee.

Attention! When submitting an application, all documents must be numbered and bound; they must be certified by the signature and seal of an authorized person.

Participation in electronic auctions requires a slightly different procedure for submitting information and is determined by the general rules for conducting online auctions. All documents are prepared electronically, and contracts must be concluded on specialized online platforms. The application itself consists of 2 parts (Article 66 of the Federal Law):

• contains the contractor’s consent to supply a specific product, provide a certain type of service and may contain a drawing or drawing;
• contains information about the contractor, the goods supplied or services provided.

How to properly create your profile

The guy in the middle will have the least likes.

The basic rules are very simple: you need to fill out as many fields as possible in your profile. This directly affects the popularity of your profile, or more precisely, how often it will be shown to users of the opposite sex.

You need to choose your profile photos wisely. Many girls write directly in their profiles which photos men should not post :

❌ with a naked torso ❌ in front of your car ❌ in swim shorts at your dacha ❌ in the company of other people

Yes, and it is important that your face is visible . If it is not visible, this is a reason to doubt your integrity. Suddenly you are hiding from your wife.

On the left - which photo should not be posted. Take at least a selfie, but from a favorable angle.

It's best to post a few photos of yourself in which you are alone, in a neutral place, in a relaxed pose and smiling pleasantly. Not the smile with which you can go kill Batman, but a normal smile!

Next - information about yourself. This is also an important aspect of the questionnaire: write a few words about yourself, your basic wishes for future acquaintances, and that’s it. There is no need to copy quotes from public pages, or paste excerpts from clever works not written by you.

A close-to-ideal text might look like this:

I am a scientist and work at a biological institute. I love sports, video games, travel and nature. I'm the guy you want to show your mom. Every Uber driver gives me five stars, so rest assured, I'm very nice.

Remember that your profile must hook a girl within a few seconds before she decides to like or dislike you.

Don't scroll through girls' profiles too quickly: Tinder's algorithms monitor your involvement in the search process. If you spread “likes” and “dislikes” too quickly, the service will be less likely to show your profile to the opposite sex.

Normal photos, completed application form. The result is about 400 likes in a couple of days.

Yes, don’t forget to enable the “smart photos” option in the settings. When you turn on this feature, Tinder evaluates the pictures you have on your profile and shows you the ones that are most likely to help you form new matches first.

The way it works is that the app rearranges the order of photos that are shown to Tinder users viewing your profile for the first time, and records which photos of yours have done well for you and which ones haven't. Tinder then rearranges the order of your photos so that the best ones appear first.

Features of organizing an official tender

An official tender may have slightly different procedures depending on the organizer, but in general it has more common features.

Its main feature and difference from unofficial bidding is the specifically established procedure for conducting and passing, determined directly by the customer himself and in accordance with the norms of law.

It includes the following items:

1. development by the tender commission of all criteria for the future project;
2. posting information about the upcoming tender with the possibility of providing a tender package;
3. submission of applications by potential contractors, accompanied by relevant documentation, which serves as their basis for fulfilling the placed order;
4. consideration of applications by the organizer;
5. selecting the winner and concluding a contract with him.

In order to protect themselves in advance from an erroneous transaction, some companies require participants to provide bank guarantees.

This requirement always applies to government procurement tenders..

What are the requirements for tender participants under 44-FZ?

Requirements for participants are divided into unified (general) and additional.

The unified (general) requirements include:

1. Compliance with the requirements when delivering goods, performing work and services (Article 49 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, concerns the legal capacity of legal entities).
2. Failure to liquidate a participant (for a legal entity) and failure to declare a participant bankrupt based on a court decision (for legal entities and individual entrepreneurs).
3. Non-suspension of activities on the basis of administrative offenses at the time of filing the application.
4. No tax arrears, fees, or debt to the state.
5. No criminal record of the participant (or specialists of organizations) in the field of economics, or a crime under Art. 289, 290, 291, 291.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
6. No violations under Art. 19.28 of the Code of the Russian Federation (for legal entities).
7. Availability of rights to the results of intellectual activity, if during the execution of the contract the customer acquires rights to them. Does not apply to works of art and literature.
8. There is no conflict of interest between the procurement parties (more details in Article 31, Part 1, Clause 9).
9. Not an offshore company.
10. No restrictions for participation in tenders provided for by the laws of the Russian Federation.
11. Lack of information about the participant in the Register of Unscrupulous Suppliers (RNP). For legal entities - lack of information about the founders, members of the collegial executive body, or sole executive body.

The Government of the Russian Federation may establish additional requirements:

1. Availability of funds to fulfill obligations under the contract.
2. Confirmation of ownership or other legal possession of equipment and machinery.
3. Experience in performing similar work.
4. Availability of the required number of workers and their level of qualifications.

About tenders and their stages

If a company plans to participate in the bidding, it will need to go through several stages:

1. Selection of a suitable proposal that would correspond to the specifics of the company’s activities.
2. Study the terms of the auction and their rules.
3. Collect and provide the necessary documentation.
4. Provide the tender commission with a secured bid.

What needs to be taken into account in order for an application to participate to be accepted?

In order for the customer not to be afraid to sign the contract or for an unscrupulous participant to refuse to fulfill the agreement, the application must be provided with a guarantee.

Providing an application is a mandatory requirement for an application to be accepted; without this, it will most likely be rejected. The amount of this security can be five percent of the contract value. Since most often this amount is very significant, a tender loan or a bank guarantee comes to the aid of the performers.

• A bank guarantee guarantees the payment of a certain amount to the person in whose favor it is issued in cases of violation of the terms of the contract and non-compliance with the obligations of the contract by another person.
• A tender loan will help a company participate in several tenders at once, without diverting its funds from production turnover.

A company can obtain both of these types of financial products at any bank or directly from a broker.

What is a two-stage tender and request for quotations?

Two-stage tenders involve organizing complex procurement or solving specific technical issues. And, based on the name, such tenders consist of two stages: first, basic applications are submitted without specifying details, made on the basis of the primary assignment from the customer; then, the application is resubmitted, but taking into account specific prices, deadlines and schedules.

When requesting quotes, the customer typically selects suppliers based on their identical features. For example, he can choose between several firms providing clearing services. The winner in such a tender is the supplier who offers its service at the lowest price.