Reporting and tax period for VAT: comparison

General provisions

VAT is an obligation that must be calculated and paid by all economic entities applying the general taxation system.
But some companies that are not payers of this tax must also report and pay funds to the budget. The essence of VAT calculation is simple. When selling goods, the company sets a trade margin. The size of the markup is equal to the tax rate. And when purchasing goods or raw materials, the company has the right to deduct the incoming markup, thereby reducing the amount of tax liability to the budget.

Key provisions about this tax are enshrined in Chapter 21 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. According to paragraph 1 of Art. 174 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, dates for VAT are established, until what date (2020) declarations are submitted, and the last deadline for paying the tax. Let's figure out the timing.

Deadline for payment of VAT by tax agents

As we have already said, all tax agents transfer VAT within the same time frame as ordinary payers of this tax. However, if an organization or individual entrepreneur needs to perform the functions of a tax agent as a result of the acquisition of works (services) from a foreign company that is not registered with the Russian Federal Tax Service, and at the same time the place of sale of these works (services) is recognized as the territory of the Russian Federation, then “agency” VAT is required pay on the same day when the remuneration of the foreign company is transferred (clause 4 of article 174 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Let’s say that a company transferred money to a foreign company for work performed on 12/09/2020. Accordingly, “agency” VAT on this remuneration is paid no later than this day.

When to pay

If a company is classified as a value added tax taxpayer, then obligations to the budget will have to be paid monthly. And no later than the 25th day of the month following the reporting quarter. To determine the amount of payments, the calculated amount of non-refundable funds for the quarter must be divided into three equal shares. One third of the quarterly value added tax is the amount payable to the budget.

Let us remind you that if the deadline for payment falls on a holiday or weekend, the rule of moving the date to the first working day applies. Such norms are regulated in paragraph 7 of Art. 6.1 Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

The following payment deadlines have been established for 2020:

To learn how to correctly pay your tax liability and which BCC to indicate in the payment order, read the separate material “KBK for VAT 2020 + penalties.”

VAT payment deadline for the first quarter of 2020

VAT is calculated based on the results of the quarter and transferred to the budget in equal shares no later than the 25th day of each of the three months following the reporting quarter.
If the 25th falls on a non-working day, the VAT payment deadline is postponed. The tax must be paid no later than the first working day following the non-working day (Clause 7, Article 6.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). In 2020, the amount of VAT accrued for payment to the budget for the first quarter must be transferred in equal installments no later than April 25, May 25 and June 25. Moreover, April 25, 2020 falls on a Saturday, so the last day for paying the first third of VAT for the first quarter of 2020 is April 27, 2020.

Get access to the accountant's Practical Encyclopedia for free for 3 days

This is a generally established procedure that follows from the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Article 163, paragraph 1 of Article 174 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). However, some organizations and individual entrepreneurs may transfer VAT for the first quarter of 2020 to the budget later than usual.

According to Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated April 2, No. 239, the entire month of April was declared non-working. The following period from May 1 to May 5 falls on non-working holidays and weekends. This means that VAT can be paid on the first working day - May 6.

Organizations and individual entrepreneurs that continue to operate during non-working periods (Presidential Decree No. 239) pay the first third of VAT for the first quarter according to the old rules - no later than April 27.
Table 1. VAT payment deadlines including non-working days in 2020

The deadline for submitting the VAT return for the first quarter of 2020, in contrast to the deadline for its payment, has been postponed for all taxpayers. You can report VAT for the first quarter of this year no later than May 15. The same deadline - May 15 - was established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2020 No. 570 for the submission of logs of received and issued invoices.

When to take it

Value added tax reporting has a special unified form - this is a VAT tax return, KND 1151001. The last day for submitting VAT is the 25th day of the month following the reporting period (quarter). For example, the deadline for submitting VAT for the 2nd quarter of 2020 is until July 27, 2020.

The report is completed on the basis of purchase and sales books, which are the key tax accounting registers in terms of VAT. Let us recall that when purchasing inventory items, the company makes a corresponding entry in the purchase book to reflect the input margin. And when selling goods - in the sales book. We described how to correctly register these entries in the article “How to register purchase and sales books.”

When preparing your declaration, please note that tax authorities only accept electronic reporting. Exceptions are provided only for tax defaulters. Other companies need to fill out an electronic report and send it via secure communication channels. The nuances of filling out the report are in the material “How to submit a VAT return electronically.”

Reporting deadlines:

VAT payment deadlines in 2020

Value added tax is the main indirect tax in Russia, paid by millions of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs. The base rate at which VAT is paid in 2020

– 20%, however, there are objects of taxation at a rate of 10% and 0%.

Payment of VAT - until when to transfer money

If we consider the timing of VAT payment

, then for most tax payers everything is extremely transparent:

• tax period – quarter;
• electronic reporting must be submitted by the 20th day (inclusive) of the month following the reporting quarter;
• The accrued amount should be transferred in three equal installments no later than the 25th day of the first, second and third month of the quarter that follows the reporting one.

If the deadline for submitting a declaration or payment falls on a weekend, the deadline is automatically transferred to the first working day. Taking this nuance into account, the table in 2020 looks like this:

• 4th quarter 2020

• 27.01.2020
• 25.02.2020
• 25.03.2020

• 1st quarter 2020

• 27.04.2020
• 25.05.2020
• 25.06.2020

• 2nd quarter 2020

• 27.07.2020
• 25.08.2020
• 25.09.2020

• 3rd quarter 2020

• 26.10.2020
• 25.11.2020
• 25.12.2020

• 4th quarter 2020

• 25.01.2021
• 25.02.2021
• 25.03.2021

Rounding down to the nearest whole ruble is allowed if the accrued amount is divisible by 3 with a remainder.

In case of delay in at least one tranche, tax authorities have the right to impose a fine on the company in the amount of 20% of the amount of the arrears. If inspectors prove that it was done intentionally, the fine will double. The penalty for failure to submit a declaration is a fine in the amount of 5 to 30% of the tax amount, but not less than 1000 rubles.

Exceptions to the rules

This applies to business entities listed in Article 163 of the Tax Code and who are forced to pay differently than everyone else. Such special entities report and pay not quarterly, but monthly. The dates are the same - the 20th and 25th of the month following the reporting month.

Another group of “exceptions” of payers are companies that operate in Russia under agency agreements with foreign legal entities that do not have representative offices in the Russian Federation. Such payers are required to transfer value added tax from their agency fees to the budget on the same day that they paid the principal company for goods received and resold or for services rendered on behalf and on behalf of the principal. This rule regulates the fourth paragraph of Article 174 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

The third special case is legal entities and individual entrepreneurs who have switched to special tax regimes. By definition they don't have to pay VAT at all, but sometimes they have to. The “special regime” is forced to pay tax if:

• Imports goods from member states of the Eurasian Economic Union.
• Works under agency agreements, which by default are not subject to special regimes.
• For some reason, I issued a VAT invoice to the counterparty (no one can prohibit this).

We suggest using the online VAT calculator . Use free automatic services!

18+

Responsibility

If an organization misses the reporting date, the Federal Tax Service will impose a fine of 5% of the calculated tax amount. Moreover, 5% is charged for each month of delay. But the fine cannot exceed 30% of the calculated tax for the quarter, and cannot be less than 1000 rubles.

For late payments to the budget, tax authorities will fine you 20% of the arrears. And if Federal Tax Service inspectors prove that the company deliberately underestimated the tax base or committed other illegal actions that led to a reduction in payments, then the penalty is doubled - up to 40%.

General rule for determining the timing of VAT payment

VAT payers, as well as tax agents for this tax (with some exceptions), pay VAT, as a general rule, monthly in the amount of 1/3 of the tax amount payable to the budget at the end of the reporting quarter.

These amounts are transferred no later than the 25th day of each month of the quarter following the reporting quarter (clause 1 of Article 174 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). For example, based on the results of the fourth quarter of 2020, the organization must pay VAT to the budget in the amount of 30,000 rubles. Accordingly, the tax must be transferred in the following order.

What is the tax and reporting period for VAT

The answer to this question is given by Article 163 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. According to this article, the VAT tax period is a quarter for all categories of payers. Taxpayers determine the tax to be paid quarterly, since the tax period for VAT is a quarter. This fiscal fee is not determined based on the cumulative total from the beginning of the year.

Payment of value added tax calculated for the quarter is made in three equal payments. Transfers must be made by the 25th of each of the three months following the reporting quarter.

For example, when transferring tax for the 1st quarter in the amount of 300,000 rubles. must be paid:

• 100,000 rub. - until April 25;
• 100,000 rub. - until May 25;
• 100,000 rub. - until June 25.

Taxpayers, in accordance with Article 174 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, submit a declaration to the Federal Tax Service upon the expiration of the tax period. Thus, for a given fiscal payment, the reporting period is equal to the tax period.

What is the value of the VAT tax period?

The tax period for VAT is

quarter. This value is determined by the norm contained in Art. 163 Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Tax legislation regulates cases in which the registration of a taxpayer is carried out during such a period. For example, if a registration certificate was received by an enterprise after January 1, then the tax period will start on the date indicated in this document. There is a separate rule on this matter, contained in paragraph 2 of Art. 55 Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

A similar situation arose with the moment of liquidation of the taxpayer as a business entity. Tax period for VAT from 2014

year does not change, and in such circumstances the legislation considers it to be equal to the time interval that has passed from the beginning of the next quarter until the moment of liquidation or reorganization. This date is taken from the record sheet on the withdrawal of the organization from the register (clause 3 of Article 55 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).