Many minor citizens of the Russian Federation are seeking to find employment. Today, the age of working young people ranges from 14 to 18 years. Many organizations hire teenagers, but at the same time take into account the specifics of the work of minors prescribed by law.
Let's consider the requirements of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for the employment of minors, at what age a person can get a job, as well as changes in current legislation.
Most often, teenagers get jobs as waiters, sales consultants or counselors. Fast food restaurant chains (McDonald's, Burger King, KFS) are very popular among young people.
Before going to an interview for minors, a completely natural question arises: at what age can you engage in labor activity? You can find detailed information on this topic in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Article 63). In July 2020, some amendments were made to this law.
Hiring Russian citizens aged 14-18
President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin signed changes to labor legislation that relate to the employment of people under the age of majority. The amendments stipulate separately the summer and school periods. This is Federal Law No. 139-FZ. He made changes to the rules for employing citizens aged 14-15 years. Employment contracts will be concluded in a new way. The law changed some provisions of Article 63 of the labor legislation of the Russian Federation.
At what age are you allowed to work?
Children under 14 years of age can only work in creative fields. This could be the film industry, circus or theater genre. After all, many scenes and productions are simply impossible to imagine without the participation of little actors. In such cases, the employment contract is signed by the parents or guardianship authorities. The document must specify the maximum number of working hours, as well as the working conditions of the child. All provisions of the contract must be strictly observed. It is important that creative activity does not harm the physical and mental health of the child.
Teenagers who are 14 years old can sign the agreement themselves if their parents or guardianship authorities give their consent. Permission must be in writing. This can be light work that will not negatively affect your studies. If the child has already received general education, then he is allowed to work without time restrictions. Work activity should not negatively affect the health of a teenager, nor should it distract from his general educational program.
If a child is over 15 years old, he can enter into an employment contract without the permission of his parents or guardians. It is important that the work is not difficult and does not cause harm to health. The updated legislation also stipulates that teenagers who have been expelled or who have decided to leave an educational institution themselves can sign an employment contract and begin working. Previously, teenagers could only work during the summer holidays or after school. Thus, the rights of minors were severely infringed. Many of them worked unofficially and were deprived of all the guarantees that are offered to working people under 18 years of age.
Young people aged 16-18 can sign an employment contract themselves and get a simple job. The legislation does not stipulate restrictions related to the educational process.
Registration according to the law
- Probationary period when concluding a fixed-term employment contract
When planning to hire a young employee under 18 years of age, the enterprise administration is obliged to take into account the special status of the employee. For example, Article 70 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prohibits the use of a probationary period - there should not be such a clause in the signed employment contract.
The reasons for recognizing the illegality of the test are due to:
- the lack of any qualifications and skills that could be tested during this period;
- the danger of exerting psychological stress;
- a short period of temporary employment, because often the work involves the employment of teenagers in the summer, which makes the test impractical.
In addition, on the eve of registration, the teenager must obtain written consent for the minor to work from his parents, a sample of which can be downloaded below, or obtained from the HR department of the enterprise. Additionally, guardianship permission is obtained if the child has not reached the age of 16.
Download Consent to work for a minor from parents (30.5 KiB, 243 hits)
- Employment under a contract without a work book
In turn, employees of the supervisory authority consider the appeal of the legal representatives of the minor, studying the nature of the work, duration and compliance with the requirements for working conditions.
The step-by-step procedure for registering a child differs little from standard employment:
- Submission of documents and applications.
- Issuance of an order with subsequent review.
- Signing an employment contract (if necessary, with the involvement of the child’s parents or adult representatives).
- Making an entry in the labor or primary establishment of the document.
When determining the conditions for employment, based on specific circumstances, at what age can you work in a given situation,
Documentation
The package of documentation provided for registration at the enterprise differs from the list that is taken from an adult employee.
According to the law (Article 65 of the labor legislation), a teenager brings:
- Personal identification document (passport, birth certificate).
- A certificate from school, college, or other educational institution, and upon graduation - a diploma.
- If a child is employed during the school year, bring a certificate with the schedule of classes.
- Consent of parents and guardianship authorities (issued in writing in advance).
- What documents are needed for employment?
The work record book, due to the lack of work experience, is drawn up upon initial hiring, which means it is the responsibility of the employer. Since the insurance certificate, on the basis of Article 7 of Law No. 27-FZ, is issued by the insurer, it is not provided upon first employment.
Military registration documents are provided only upon reaching a certain age. Since the beginning of military registration falls on the 17th birthday, a document on military registration will also not be required when registering a teenager.
From 14 years old
Due to his too young age, a 14-year-old child is hired to work exclusively for light labor. Frequent cases of employment of schoolchildren are their involvement in theatrical or cinematic activities, participation in productions, concerts, and circus performances.
A feature of official registration at this age is the need for the child’s legal representative to participate in signing the employment contract. The permission received from the guardianship authorities establishes the teenager’s maximum workload and mandatory work parameters.
An important condition is the absence of obstacles to full-fledged study and dangers to the health of the teenager.
From 16 years old
After the 16th birthday, the issue of employment is resolved more easily, since additional approval from supervisory authorities is no longer required. The length of working hours and the degree of workload at which one can work at 16 years old expands earning opportunities. Depending on whether the minor is studying, his working day reaches 4-7 hours. At this age, work activity is considered as part-time work during the period free from study, or as the beginning of a full-time work activity.
What jobs are prohibited for minors?
Teenagers under 18 years of age are prohibited from:
- work in extreme conditions;
- performing work involving heavy physical activity;
- work in nightclubs, bars, gambling establishments;
- in the production of tobacco and alcohol products, as well as goods for adults;
- security of objects;
- activities that provide access to drugs;
- religious communities and organizations;
- work on a rotational basis.
At what age can teenagers work and where?
Many teenagers are thinking about choosing their future profession. Someone already wants to get a job. But most people don’t know at what age you can work.
According to Article 63 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, everyone who is 14 years old can start
work, but without concluding a contract. It requires the consent of one of the parents or guardianship authorities. The maximum you can earn is 5,000 rubles per month.
In addition, there are time restrictions. Teenagers should not work more than 3-4 hours a day. Another restriction for 14-year-olds: it is impossible to work in areas related to money. Thus, vacancies for cashiers and postmen are closed for them. Among those available are advertisers, couriers, and promoters. The latter profession is especially popular among young people. Very often you can see groups of teenagers offering advertising brochures inviting them to attend some event.
Then at what age can you work in commercial fields? The same labor code gives a clear answer: from 16 years of age. Moreover, upon reaching this age, it appears
there is an opportunity to conclude an agreement. The teenager becomes almost a full-time worker. The time limit is still not lifted. It only increases slightly to 5-6 hours. But wages increase significantly. It rises above the cost of living by 2000-3000 rubles. It turns out already 8000. Very good for minors.
But there is a job for which the question of how old you can work is irrelevant. Children can start earning their own salaries very early. How? Go buy groceries for the elderly people living in the neighborhood and help them with household chores. Pennies of gratitude will drop. You can also offer help to very busy people. They will also be happy if someone helps them with cleaning, stands in line at the notary, or carries documents. It is only important to take the initiative.
At what age can you work on the Internet? This question can be answered firmly: from any conscious person. It’s not for nothing that the news showed a 13-year-old teenager who earned his first million on the Global Network. There are many opportunities for earning income on the Internet: creating your own website, writing articles, the stock market. All you need is free time. And young people have enough of it.
Also, many are concerned about the question of how old you can be to work at McDonald's. This world-famous company provides employment opportunities to teenagers from 16 years of age. At the same time, young people receive free food and a very decent salary. In addition, many people strive to work in this field because it can be a good start for a successful career.
At what age can you start working? This is a very popular question today. Most young people are looking for a way to find a job. Some get jobs unofficially, others join the job market, and others open their own small business: repairing and sewing products, making wooden crafts. You just need to have the desire.
How long should a worker last?
From July 1, 2020, changes were made to the length of the working day for minor citizens of the Russian Federation. Today there are the following rules:
- Children from 14 to 15 years old work no more than 4 hours;
- Teenagers from 15 to 16 years old work no more than 5 hours;
- Teenagers from 16 to 18 years old can work 7 hours.
If work is combined with study (general education or specialized educational institution), then the length of the working day is halved. This applies to all of the above categories of minor citizens of the Russian Federation. During the summer, this rule does not apply.
Employment of minor citizens – from 14 to 18 years old
New rules for the employment of minors during the summer and during the school year were signed by Russian President Vladimir Putin on July 1, 2020. We are talking about Federal Law No. 139-FZ, which reformed the provisions of Article 63 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation - in particular, the rules for employment and concluding employment contracts with teenagers 14 and 15 years old have changed.
So, at what age can children work?
Up to 14 years old .
Employment is allowed only for creative work - in cinema, theater, circus, etc., where it is often impossible to imagine a production without little artists. An employment contract is signed by one of the parents with the permission of the guardianship authority, which specifies the maximum working hours and the conditions that must be met. Creative work should not harm the child’s health. From the age of 14 . Adolescents aged 14 years can, with the consent of their parents and guardianship authorities, enter into an employment contract to perform light labor in their free time from school, and after receiving general education - at any time. Work should not harm the health of adolescents and interfere with the development of educational programs.
From the age of 15 . Teenagers aged 15 years old do not require the consent of parents and the guardianship authority to conclude an employment contract. The work they take should be easy and not harmful to health. It is also allowed to enter into TD with teenagers who have left or been expelled from educational organizations. In the previous version of Art. 63 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, teenagers were allowed to work only in their free time from school - mainly in the summer during the holidays. This infringed on the rights of minors, who had to find work unofficially, without providing numerous guarantees provided to employees under 18 years of age.
From 16 to 18 years old . There are no educational restrictions for this age category. They can freely enter into employment contracts and perform work that is permitted to minors.
At what age are people accepted to McDonald's?
Almost all restaurant vacancies are designed for adult workers. However, from the age of 16, you can get a job at McDonald's for some positions that have restrictions established by law.
Today, the labor market offers many work options for minors. Young people can work during the summer holidays or combine work and study. Teenagers strive to earn personal money, but we must not forget about the consent of their parents.
Many teenagers successfully get a job through the patronage of friends or acquaintances. If this is not possible, then you can find part-time work at an employment center. Many organizations offer schoolchildren work during the summer holidays.
The most popular vacancies for schoolchildren:
- promoter (distribution of advertising brochures, leaflets, product tasting);
- seller at an ice cream tray;
- kvass seller;
- merchandiser (display of goods in a supermarket);
- construction helper;
- courier;
- posting advertisements.
To ensure that work does not interfere with the educational process, it is best to get a job during the summer holidays. This way, the child will not abandon his studies and will be able to build a successful career in the future. Part-time work will help to practice communication skills and perhaps discover new abilities in the child.
Registration of employment of minors
The Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes a unified procedure for formalizing labor relationships. It applies to all categories of workers, regardless of their belonging to a particular social group, including minor workers.
But, given some restrictions in attracting labor, there are several nuances that you need to be aware of.
Conditions and rules of admission
This includes the following:
- No young worker can be accepted into the enterprise without passing a medical examination.
- A young job seeker is required to provide not only the package of documents established by law, but also provide a number of additional data.
- A minor employee must understand that when signing an employment contract, he is responsible for complying with all conditions. After 16 years of age, he is already obliged to be responsible for his obligations.
How to draw up an employment contract with a minor employee? You will find a sample on our website. Within what period is the employer obliged to issue a work book to a resigned employee? See here.
Step by step procedure
Hiring minors is not much different from the same in relation to other categories of employees, with the exception of some features.
Establishing a probationary period
Based on Article 70 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, it is prohibited to accept young workers with a probationary period for the following reasons:
- lack of certain qualifications and work skills, which are actually tested during the testing period;
- the likelihood of psychological stress in connection with the established test;
- short period of work, because as a rule, teenagers under 16 years of age mostly work during the holidays, so there is no point in introducing a probationary period;
- performing light work that does not require special qualifications and additional testing of skills.
Operating mode
For persons under 18 years of age, a special work schedule is established, regulated by the norms of Article 94 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
It says that depending on age, the following work shift duration is established:
- no more than 5 hours for workers from 15 to 16 years old;
- no more than 7 hours for workers from 16 to 18 years old;
- no more than 2.5 hours for workers from 14 to 16 years old, provided that during the day they also study at school or another educational institution;
- no more than 4 hours for workers from 16 to 18 years old who combine work with study.
Documentation
In accordance with Article 65 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, when accepting minors, the following package of documents should be prepared:
- passport or birth certificate;
- a school certificate or a certificate about where the young worker is studying, with a schedule of classes.
But with the remaining documents that are specified in the specified article, difficulties may arise.
The same article 65 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation states that for persons entering work for the first time, a work book is created at the expense of the employer. The same applies to the insurance certificate. Based on Article 7 of Federal Law No. 27, it is issued at the expense of the insurer, which is the employer.
There may also be problems with documents confirming military registration. Based on Article 9 of Federal Law No. 53, you can register only on the eve of your 17th birthday, but not earlier. Accordingly, it will not be possible to provide registration documents.
In addition to the above documents, the young worker also needs to present written permission from the parents for employment, which is drawn up in free form and is not subject to certification or registration with other authorities.
An example of such consent:
If a young applicant for a position is under 16 years old, he will also have to obtain the consent of the guardianship authorities, which will be issued on the basis of certain documents confirming the operating hours of the enterprise and the state of health of the child.
It should be noted that, along with other minor workers, it is also possible to employ a disabled child. He has the same rights and guarantees. When employing this category of people, you will need to add a disability certificate and medical recommendations on working conditions to the above documents.
If the young job seeker does not have any problems with the preliminary package of documents, you can begin the official registration procedure, which is practically no different from the registration of other employees.
So, an application for admission is submitted, then an order and a cooperation agreement are drawn up, a personal card is drawn up and a corresponding entry is made in the work book.
Read more about leave for minor workers on our website. Is it possible to conclude a fixed-term employment contract with a minor? Find out here.
Is it possible to quit on a day off? See here.
The application is drawn up in free form, according to the sample below:
Application example
After a visa is applied to the application, an acceptance order is issued, a sample of which is presented on our website:
Sample order
Simultaneously with the order of cooperation, an employment contract is drawn up, which is drawn up taking into account all benefits and guarantees, as well as restrictions provided for minor workers.
A sample of which can be found below:
Standard contract with a minor
Then, based on the completed documents, a personal card is issued.
And the corresponding entry below is made in the newly opened work book:
Example of an entry in a work book
