Accounting account 80 in 2020. Design example

The contribution to the authorized capital is the funds contributed by the founders of the organization to carry out business activities. Authorized capital (AC) can be contributed in cash, property, rights of use and represents the amount of assets with which the enterprise is liable to its creditors, and also shows the share of each founder in the total property.

When leaving the business owner, the founder returns the share he contributed as an investment. The size of the initial investment is determined by the participants when creating the company and is indicated in the constituent documents (agreements).

Accounting is maintained on account 80 “Authorized capital”. An increase in the account is calculated on the credit of the account, and a decrease on the debit. The contribution to the authorized capital of the posting is formed by the credit of account 75.01 and the debit of the accounts for accounting for contributed assets.

Amount of authorized capital

The minimum amount of capital is established by the Civil Code and laws on business companies:

for LLC - 10,000 rubles (Clause 1, Article 14 of Federal Law No. 14-FZ);
for organizers of gambling through bookmakers or sweepstakes - 600 million rubles (Clause 9, Article 6 of Federal Law No. 244-FZ);
for banks and credit organizations - from 90 million to 1 billion rubles (Article 11 of Federal Law No. 395-1).

The LLC must maintain the minimum amount of authorized capital throughout its activities. If the amount of net assets turns out to be less than the authorized capital for more than 2 tax periods, the company must either reduce the authorized capital, and if this is not possible, then make a decision on liquidation.

Depositing funds to LLC occurs in compliance with the following rules:

10,000 rubles are deposited in cash;
anything over the minimum size can be entered as property;
property must have an assessment if the nominal share of the property contribution exceeds 20,000 rubles;
The deadline for making contributions by the founders is no later than 4 months from the date of state registration.

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Formation of authorized capital: postings

Each founder contributes his share within the period established in the decision upon establishment, but no later than 4 months from the date of registration of the LLC. If there is more than one founder, the accounting records reflect the debt of each of them in the amount of his share.

Example

The co-founders of the LLC with a declared capital of 60,000 rubles are three individuals. The shares of participants are distributed as follows: 50% of the capital belongs to individual 1, 20% to individual No. 2 and 30% to individual No. 3.

In accounting, the entries for the formation of the management company are as follows:

Dt 75.01 “Individual No. 1” Kt 80 in the amount of 30,000 rubles;
Dt 75.01 “Individual No. 2” Kt 80 in the amount of 12,000 rubles;
Dt 75.01 “Individual No. 2” Kt 80 in the amount of 18,000 rubles.

Thus, on the credit of account 80 the full value of the share capital will be formed in the amount of 60,000 rubles, and on the debit of account 75.01 the debt of each of the founders will be reflected.

The date of the postings must be the next day after the date of registration of the LLC, the content of the postings is as follows: “The debt of the founder has been accrued in the amount of his share.”

What account is the LLC's management company reflected in?

The amount of the authorized capital reflected in the charter of a registered limited liability company must be taken into account in the accounting department of the enterprise.

In accordance with the Plan, account 80 is provided for accounting for the share capital of an LLC.

The posting for the formation of the management company is carried out once on the date of registration of the constituent documents by the tax authority.

Changes to Article 80 are made only in two cases:

Liquidation of an organization - accounting when closing an LLC.
Change in the size of the authorized capital (decrease or increase).

Contribution to the authorized capital: postings

Within 4 months from the date of registration of the Company, the founders must contribute their shares. 10,000 can be deposited only in money, and amounts exceeding the minimum amount of the authorized capital can be deposited with property. Funds are deposited into the cash desk or into the organization's current account, if it is already open.

Contribution of authorized capital to the cash desk, postings: Dt 50 Kt 75.01.

Contribution to the current account: Dt 51 Kt 75.01 - when transferred from an individual’s current account or when deposited through a bank branch.

Property contribution: Dt 01 (04, 10, 41, 58, 66, 76, 97) Kt 75.01 for the amount of property valuation.

When creating the entry “contribution to the authorized capital through the cash register,” you should take into account the cash limit and funds exceeding the limit that can be deposited into the LLC’s current account.

In the process of economic activity, the amount of the capital may change up or down by the decision of the founders.

Application of 80 accounts in accounting

Depending on the organizational and legal form, the authorized capital of companies can have different sizes, distribution by shares of owners and even a different name: share capital, authorized capital, etc. Types of authorized capital are presented in the figure:

The balance of account 80 “Authorized capital” reflects the size of the authorized capital, which is recorded in the constituent documents of the company. Operations to form and increase or decrease the authorized capital are carried out only by decision of the founders when making changes to the constituent documents.

In analytical accounting for account 80, it is important to ensure that information is reflected on the founders, types of deposits and agreements, stages of capital formation and types of shares - depending on the form of ownership.

Important! The authorized capital of a JSC/LLC is equal to the par value of their shares/shares of participants, regardless of the amount actually invested in them.

The procedure for forming the authorized capital is regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the constituent documents of the company.

Increase in capital

An increase in the amount of share capital can be made both by the decision of the founders and by legal requirements.

The company considers the issue and makes a decision to increase capital in the following cases:

lack of working capital;
accepting new participants;
additional issue of shares (for joint-stock companies, joint-stock companies);
acquisition of licenses for activities that require a larger capital amount.

The source of increase in share capital will be either the LLC’s own property, or contributions from new founders, or additional contributions from existing members of the company.

Increase in authorized capital, posting:

Due to net profit	Dt 84 Kt 80
Due to the contributions of new LLC participants	Dt 75.01 Kt 80
By increasing the contributions of existing participants of the Company	Dt 75.01 Kt 80

Characteristics - subaccounts, what is accounted for as debit and credit?

In accordance with the Accounting Plan, account 80 is intended to reflect information about the amount of the organization’s authorized capital (share capital), its changes in the course of the enterprise’s activities.
The balance of account 80 must always correspond to the amount of the capital reflected in the constituent documents of the company. If the amount of capital changes, then information about the new amount must be reflected both in the charter of the LLC and in accounting account 80.

That is, at any point in time, the amount indicated on account 80 must be equal to the Criminal Code from the charter.

For an LLC, the minimum authorized capital is 10,000 rubles; the enterprise can, at its own discretion, form a larger charter capital.

Account 80 is passive - intended for accounting for liabilities - authorized capital. Its amount is always reflected on the loan; the balance of account 80 is always in credit.

Limited liability companies do not open subaccounts on account 80. The exception is production cooperatives, which can open the following subaccounts:

80-1 – Mutual fund;
80-2 – Collective fund.

Sub-accounts can also be opened by joint-stock companies:

80-1 – Common shares;
80-1 – Preferred shares.

Analytics for the 80-account can be organized by founders.

Decrease in capital

A change in the size of the capital company downward is made either by decision of the owners or as required by law. In both cases, this operation is formalized by a decision of the general meeting of founders with the subsequent submission of documents to the registration authority.

The law requires a reduction in the size of the capital in the event of:

late payment by the founders;
if the value of net assets is lower than the authorized capital, that is, in case of unprofitable activities.

If part of the capital is not paid on time, accounting entry Dt 80 Kt 81 “Own shares (shares)” arises for part of the unpaid contribution of the founders. The posting date is the next day after the expiration of the 4-month period from the date of registration of the LLC.

In case of unprofitable activities, part of the capital is directed to repay the loss: Dt 80 Kt 84 “Retained earnings”. The posting date corresponds to the date of the decision to reduce capital to the amount of net assets.

The owners decide to reduce the size of the management company:

upon withdrawal of a participant from the LLC and payment of his share of participation - Dt 80 Kt 75 “Calculations for contributions to the authorized capital”;
when the Company redeems part of the capital shares into ownership - Dt 81 “Own shares (shares)” Kt 75.01 “Settlements on contributions to the authorized capital” - with subsequent cancellation of the purchased shares - Dt 80 Kt 81 “Own shares (shares)”;
with a proportional decrease in the share of participants or the par value of shares. The resulting difference may become the Company’s income - Dt 80 Kt 91.01 “Other income” or paid to participants - Dt 80 Kt 75.01 “Settlements on contributions to the authorized capital”.

The posting dates for capital reductions correspond to the date the registration changes are recorded.

Founders' income

Income is paid to the founders of the LLC no later than 60 days after the decision is made (FZ-14, Article 28-3), to shareholders - within 25 days after the date of determination of persons entitled to receive income. For nominee holders and trustees, the period is set at 10 days (Federal Law 208, Article 42-6).

When paying income, the organization acquires the status of a tax agent for personal income tax: 13% - when paying to residents, 15% - to non-residents. If the payment is made to a legal entity, income tax is withheld at the same rates for residents and non-residents - 13 and 15%.

A zero rate applies if one Russian company receives income from another and has at least 50% of its capital. Moreover, at the time of payment, ownership of the deposit must be for a period of at least one year (Tax Code of the Russian Federation, Article 284-3). Dividends can be claimed within 3 years, unless otherwise specified in the company's charter, but even in this case the period cannot be more than 5 years.

Let the volume of net profit at the end of the period be 80 thousand rubles. It will be distributed among the shareholders in proportion to them. All owners are residents of the Russian Federation. Ivanov does not work in the organization, Petrov is an employee in it.

Postings:

DT 84 CT 75/2/ “A” - 40,000.00 - accrual of income of organization “A”.
40000*13% = 5200.00. DT 75/2/"A" CT 68 - 5200.00 rub. — withholding of income tax.
DT 68 CT 51 - 5200.00 rub. — transfer of income tax to the budget.
40000.00 - 5200.00 = 34800.00. DT 75/2/"A" CT 51 - RUB 34,800.00. – the income of organization “A” is listed.
DT 84 CT 75/2/"Ivanov" - 20,000.00 - accrual of income to Ivanov.
20000*13% = 2600.00. DT 75/2/"Ivanov" CT 68 - 2600.00 rub. – personal income tax withholding.
DT 68 CT 51 — 2600.00 rub. – transfer to the personal income tax budget.
20000.00 - 2600.00 = 17400.00. DT 75/2/"Ivanov" CT - 51,17,400.00 rub. — income was transferred to Ivanov’s account.
DT 84 KT 70/Petrov - 20,000.00 rub. — accrual of income to Petrov (employee).
20000*13% = 2600.00. DT 70/"Petrov" CT 68 - 2600.00 - personal income tax withholding.
DT 68 CT 51 — 2600.00 rub. — transfer to the personal income tax budget.
20000.00 - 2600.00 = 17400.00. DT 70/"Petrov" CT 50 - RUB 17,400.00. — the amount of income was given to Petrov through the cash register.

If Ivanov and Petrov do not receive the income due to them (dividends) within the established period, they are returned to profit, respectively, by postings: DT 75/2(70) CT 84 - 20,000.00 rubles.

Conclusion

The authorized capital accounted for in account 80 may also be called the authorized capital, mutual fund, etc., depending on the legal form of the individual.
Accounting entries for any organizational and legal form are similar, with the exception of the nuances of calculations of income on the account. 75. The authorized capital can be replenished with both monetary and non-monetary investments. The contribution to the Criminal Code is reflected in credit 75, from the debit of the corresponding valuables accounts.
When calculating and paying income to the founders, they take into account whether the recipient is an employee or a third party (company), a resident of the Russian Federation or not having such a status, and transactions are generated based on the data. In addition to the indicated accounts 75, 80, account 84 and account 70 are used in correspondence if the employee is also a recipient of dividends.
Profit tax and personal income tax are charged on income.